Glossary AT 2

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

Rocks being broken down into smaller pieces over a long period of time. Happens through natural processes (usually wind or water, temp changes, etc)

Question 2

Erosion

Answer 2

Legit just weathering + the movement of the broken down pieces. Changes shape of land

Question 3

Deposition

Answer 3

The end part of erosion - The movement of eroded materials has finished and have been deposited at a new location

Question 4

Mass Wasting

Answer 4

A rapid form of erosion that works primarily due to gravity in combination with other erosional agents. It occurs very quickly and can result in either small or large scale changes to the landscape depending on the type of event.

Question 5

Karst landscapes

Answer 5

Terrain shaped by dissolution of limestone or other carbonate rocks, resulting in features like caves, sinkholes, and underground rivers.
Forms cause of carbonation (usually)

Kinda like MC amplified world but realistic scale

Question 6

Dissolution

Answer 6

The process of a substance being dissolved into a liquid, in geo referring to minerals or rocks dissolving in water.

Question 7

Igneous rock

Answer 7

Forms from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).

Question 8

Sedimentary rock

Answer 8

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments like sand, silt, and shells.

Question 9

Metamorphic rock

Answer 9

Formed when existing rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

Question 10

Silicate Materials

Answer 10

• A silicate material is a substance that contains silicon, oxygen and usually one or more metals.
• Very common in rocks and minerals (90% of all rocks in Earths crust)
  (~95% of igneous rocks and a huge part of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are silicate minerals)

Question 11

Foliation

Answer 11

When metamorphic rocks form in thin layers (bands) due to pressure and heat.
These layers create ‘weak spots’ that make it easier for mechanical weathering (like freezing or plant roots) to break the rock apart.

Question 12

Fracture + Fault + Joint

Answer 12

Fracture = a general term for any break/crack in a rock, meaning it includes both faults and joints
Fault = A fracture where the rock has clearly shifted, (could be up/down, or it slid sideways) caused by tectonic forces
Joint = A fracture where there is no movement on either rock - the rocks cracked, but hasn’t shifted at all. Caused by cooling, pressure release, weathering

Question 13

Bedrock + Carbonic Bedrock

Question 14

Pedestals + Monadnocks

Question 15

Runoff

Question 16

Rill and Gullies

Question 17

Arêtes

Question 18

Plucking

Question 19

Striae

Question 20

Angle of Repose

Question 21

Talus/Scree

Question 22

Regolith

Question 23

Hanging Valley

Question 24

Truncated Spur

Question 25

Corrie or Cirque

Question 26

Pyramidal Peak

Question 27

Ocean gyre