Extra

Question 1

What is priapism

Answer 1

Priapism is one of the complications in sickle cell disease and beta thallasemia

Up to 35% of men are affected

Painful prolonged erections
Ischemic priapism

Question 2

What is priapism

Answer 2

A prolonged unwanted erection of the penis that occurs without sexual stimulation

Question 3

How does sickle cell disease and NO relate?

Answer 3

Patients with SCD have blunted vasodilatory responses to nitric oxide (NO), a critical mediator of vascular homeostasis

Question 4

What is vascular homeostasis

Answer 4

Balance between vascular injury and vascular repair

Vascular = affecting of a vessel

Question 5

What happened with Rothamsted research ?

Answer 5

Oldest agricultural research institute

2012
Made transgenic wheat to repel aphids by transgenic release of a pheromone
In vitro test should positive results
Field tests were bombarded by protesters
Spent over £2 million on security
Crops were destroyed

Turned out the modified wheat wasn’t actually effective at repelling aphids

Question 6

What’s the % of farmers who not see gym crops as advantageous

Answer 6

61% farmers weekly

85% saying they wouldn’t eat gm crops

Question 7

What’s naked DNA and how can it be used

Answer 7

Injection of naked DNA plasmids into cells

Expression has been low

Gene gun
Electroporation

Question 8

What are oligonucleotides

Answer 8

Antisense construct to inactivate a gene

Gene silencing

Question 9

What’s a decoy oligonucleotide

Answer 9

Double stranded oligonucleotide as a decoy for transcription
Transcription factors bind to decoy instead of the promoter of the faulty gene
Lowering transcription and expression

Question 10

What’s a lipoplex

Answer 10

Liposome and plasmid dna complex

Question 11

What was the breakthrough for transforming monoculture crops like maize

Answer 11

In 1994 by Hei et al

Japonica rice
Stable transformation of japonica rice by using agrobacteriun
Super binary vector

Question 12

What is reverse genetics

Answer 12

When you know the gene it always you to find the function

Antisense construct

Question 13

What does a gene enhancer do

Answer 13

Help researchers explore gene function

Question 14

What are foods most targeted by gm

Answer 14

Salmon — super growing salmon at a younger age — using a gene from eelpout

Bananas — virally resistant to help B

Question 15

What is a superbinary vector

Answer 15

Dervived from a super virulent strain A281 which contains an enhanced Ti plasmid

Clone the region of the enhanced Ti region (KpnI) fragment containing VirB virC and virG into normal binary vector = supervirulence

Strain has been successfully used to transform rice and maize