Extra

Question 1

Explain the difference between statistical and cultural definitions of normality

Answer 1

Statistical: based on the normal distribution curve

Cultural normality : based on norms and values within a certain group

Question 2

How might changes in cultural perceptions of normality have led to the observed statistical differences?

Answer 2

The fact that people see more obese people shifts their notion of what is normal; it becomes accepted, and normal, to eat eat more junk food, take less exercise etc

Thus being obese becomes normal; obesity may be perceived to be related to affluence or attractiveness or health

Question 3

How might obesity affect an individual’s health?

Answer 3

Psychological: reduced self-esteem
Physical: difficult to move or keep fit
Social: ostracisation by peers

Question 4

What do we mean by gatekeeper?

Answer 4

A person who controls patients’ access (via referral) to specialist / secondary care

Question 5

List advantages of GPs as gatekeepers

Answer 5

Keep people out of expensive secondary care
Continuity of the doctor-patient relationship
Personal advocacy
Patient does not know where to go / appropriate referral / use of resources

Question 6

List disadvantages of GPs as gatekeepers

Answer 6

Patients have less choice in secondary care
Puts stress on GP to know everything about every disease / symptom
Dependent on individual GP knowledge, attitudes, skill, practice organisation
Puts stress on a good doctor-patient relationship
Peeing a GP might increase the time it takes to receive the needed treatment

Question 7

List these 6 social classes

Answer 7

●	Professional
●	Managerial & technical 
●	Skilled non-manual 
●	Skilled manual 
●	Partly skilled 
●	Unskilled

Question 8

What are the tree models of stress?

Answer 8

Engineering model
Medico-physiological model
Psychological or transactional model

Question 9

Briefly describe the engineering model

Answer 9

Stress acts as a stimulus which the individual must resist

If the stimulus becomes too intense or prolonged, the individual breaks

Question 10

Define incidince

Answer 10

Number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time

Question 11

Define prevalence

Answer 11

Number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time

Question 12

Approximately how many patients are registered on average with each GP in the NHS in the UK?

Answer 12

1200-2000 patients each

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of illnesses presenting to primary care are referred on to secondary care?

Answer 13

3%

Question 14

Define race

Answer 14

Group of people linked by biological / genetic factors

Question 15

Coping mechanisms

Answer 15

Problem focused (fix problem)
Emotion focused (receive counselling)
Combination of of problem

Question 16

What factors might increase the chance of someone changing their behaviour?

Answer 16

 You think the advantages of change outweigh the disadvantages
 You anticipate a positive response from others to your behaviour change
 There is social pressure for you to change
 You perceive the new behaviour to be consistent with your self-image
 You believe you are able to carry out the new behaviour in a range of circumstances

Question 17

What makes a GP most appropriate professional for patient?

Answer 17

 Aware of current and past medical history
 Aware of social circumstances e.g. family support
 GP has knowledge of a broad range of illnesses and health conditions
 Trusted health professional who is likely to have been known by the patient/family for some time, perhaps lifelong
 GP has role in prevention as well as diagnosing/treating illness/disease i.e. GP is responsible for holistic patient care
 GP likely to be local to Hannah’s home and therefore accessible