Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal and Therapeutic > Externalising Childhood Disorders kring > Flashcards

Externalising Childhood Disorders kring Flashcards

1
Q

DSM-5 ADHD Inattentive sub-type

A

inattentive sub-type (careless mistakes, not listening well, not following instructions, distractable, forgettful)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DSM-5 ADHD -hyperactive s

A

hyperactive sub type (fidgeting, running inapproipriately, (restless above age 17) interrupting, intruding, incessant talking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ADHD all subtypes

7 items

A

6 items from hyperactive or inattentive sub-type before age 12; 5 after 17 (ICD before age 7)
combined: has some of both sub-types
6 months
maladaptive
greater than normal
two or more settings
impairment social, academic, occupational functionin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Comorbidities of ADHD

4 things

A

inattentive - diffuculties with information processing
conduct disorder - worst features of both
girls: more anti-social behaviour; risky sexual behaviour than girls with only ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prognosis for ADHD vs conduct disorder

3 issues

A

adhd more off task behaviour at school

adhd more cognitive and achievment deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ADHD- combined compareed with other sub-types

5 things

A

majority of children
more likely to have Conduct problems, oppositional behaviour
more diffucuties with peers
placed in special classes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ADHD and SLD, anxiety, depression comobidity

A

30% children with ADHD internalising disorder as well

15-30% SLD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ADHD prevalance

A

increaed from 3-7% to 8-11% USA
may be to get children out of normal classes and test results in USA
3x more common in boys
Girls with ADHd more likely to have teen eating disorders, substance abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ADHD Teens (2) Adults

A

60-80% still have symptoms as adolescence
achievment in average range
15% of childrern still have ADHD as 25 year olds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ADHD -Etiology - gene and environmental

A

Adoption and twin studies: genetic part
molecular genetics: multiple gene. 3 dopamine 2 dopamine receptor and one transporter
environmental factors triggers: prenatal nicotine and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ADHD - Etiology -neurobiological

A

brain structure Dopaminergic areas: caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, frontal lobes smaller in ADHD
function: less activation in frontal lobes
connectivity:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ADHD - Perinatal and prenatal factors

A

low birth weight mitigated by maternal warmth

nicotine and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ADHD - Environmental toxins

A

feingold: additives, artifical colour
very few children respond positivily to a diet with these removed.
refined sugar also not supported as a problem
lead - small role
nicotine - surrogate vs genetic child of smokers ADHD higher in genetic child. Still their in surrogate grop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ADHD - Family factors

A

parent child relationship - parents more negitive and give more commands, children less compliant and more negative
When children take a stimulant medication parents commands. negative behaviour and inffective parenting decrease
many parents have ADHD making less effective parents
family charicteristics maintain / exacerbate symptoms and consequences of ADHD. Little evidence to suggest families cause ADHD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ADHD - treatment Drugs

A

stimulant medication

drugs reduct disruptive, impusive, inattention
drugs give short -term improvements by interacting with dopamine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADHD - psychological treatment

A

behaviour therapy - operant conditioning

17
Q

Intermittment explosive disorder (IED)

A 
recurrent vaerbal, physical aggressive outbursts
aggression impulsive (in conduct disorder it is planned)
18
Q

Oppositional defience disorder

A

debate about : Is ODD distinct from conduct disorder
precursor or milder version
diagnosed if sub clinical for CD
Often comorbid with ADHD but defiant behaviour is not though to arrise from attentional or impulsivity deficits
ODD boys=girls

19
Q

Conduct Disorder -DSM 5

A 
repititive, persistant violation of others rights, social norms
3+ twelve months
1 previous 6 months
aggression to people and animals
destruction of property
deciet / theft
serious rule violation
significant impair: social, academic, occupational
20
Q

Conduct Disorder -DSM 5 specifiers

A

limited prosocial emotions (callous, unemotional, lack remorse)
associated with more severe course

21
Q

Conduct Disorder - Comorbidities

A

substance abuse - two conditions make each other worse OR CD may precede substance abuse
internalising disorders (15-45%)
CD precedes anxiety and depression
specific phobia and SAD precede CD

22
Q

Conduct disorder -longitudinal

A

7% of preschool children
CD symptoms at 3years predict at 6 years
Dunedin Study - Moffit
some people life course persistant (early onset / other problems, more severe neuropsychological deficits, family psychopathology) Most severe adult problems: lower SES, health, education. Higher partner, child abuse and violent behaviour
adolescence-limited (gap between physical and social /emotional maturation) Men still had substance abuse, crime, mental health, impulsivity, in mid twenties. Adolescence onset more appropriate term.
Another study half of boys don’t meet criteria 1-4 years later although continued to have conduct problems

23
Q

Conduct disorder - Prevalence

A

6-9.5% common

more common in boys

24
Q

Conduct disorder - Etiology

A 
genetic
neurobiological
psychological
social
all interact
heritable tempermant charicteristics interact with enviromental, neurobiological, factors
25
Q

Conduct disorder - Etiology - Genetic

A

mixed evidence
genes shared with other disorders
age of onset related to heritability
violence more heriatable than other symptoms
Dunedin study: maltreatment plus low MAOA activity

26
Q

Conduct disorder - Etiology -Brain,

A

reduced activation in amygdala and prefrontal cortex (EMOTION PERCIEVING AREAS)
Callousness- also dysfunction in ventral striatum (reward)

27
Q

Conduct Disorder - Etiology - Neuropsychological

A

poor verbal skills
difficulty exec functioning
memory
life-course persistant IQ 1SD lower not attributable to SES, school failure

28
Q

Conduct Disorder - Etiology - Psychological

A

deficent in moral awareness: right and wrong, remorse
Dodge - Social information processing bias - interpreting ambiguos acts negatively, angrily
low heart rate

29
Q

Conduct Disorder - Etiology - Peer Influence

A

associating deviant peers increases bad be
gene-enviroment: chn with CD choose to assc with deviant peers

poverty in neighbourhood, lack of parental monitoring

30
Q

Conduct Disorder - Treatment - Family

A

Family intervention -
3 session checkup and parenting advice
Most efficacious: parent mangement training - developed bt Patterson

31
Q

Conduct Disorder - Treatment - Multi-Systemic

A

target; familiy, school, peer group, supervised recreation
behavioural cognitive, family-systems, case management
identify ind and family strengths, social context for intervention,
number of studies show MST is effective

32
Q

Conduct Disorder - Treatment - Prevention Problems

A

Conduct problems prevention research group
20 year study
900 chn at risk in kindy (USA) assigned to fast track or control intervention
Fast track intervention: academic, social, behaviour fociusing on peer relationship, aggressive, disruptive behaviour, social information processing, parent-child relationships.
year 1 -5 intensive intervention
year 6-10 less intensive
children who recieved benfited but benefits decreased as chn got older
Grade 9: chn with severe symptoms at 5 years who recieved fast track were less likely to have diagnosis of CD, . 2 years later less likely be arrested and be diagnosed with externalising disorder.

33
Q

Pconduct disorder rejection by peers

A

Causes aggression esp if.comorbid with adhd

34
Q

Multi model trement of adhd study

A 
14 months
3 groups
Community Care
Intensive behavior
Pill plus intensive
35
Q

Multi model treatment adhd

Summer camp

A 
8 weeks
2 groups
High Intensive alone
Low intensive plus ritalin
Combi
36
Q

Multi model treatment adhd results short term.

A

Summer: pill did sign increase improvements in combination group.
Combi slightly better than pill alone
Increase social skills
Long term. Grps maintained gains but no diff between grps

37
Q

Mta

Comclude

A

No advantages to ritalin long term.

38
Q

Side effects stimulents for adhd

A

Cardiovascular
Loss appetite
Sleep problems
Weight loss

Abnormal and Therapeutic (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions