External factors

Question 1

What are the five external factors?

Answer 1

1. Impact of feminism
2. Changes within the family
3. Change’s in women’s employment
4. Girl’s changing ambition
5. Class gender and ambition

Question 2

Impact of feminism

Answer 2

1960s feminism movement
* raised aspirations
* Opportunities and changes in laws
* Raised self esteems - girls able to have greater ambitions to suceed

Question 3

impact of feminism

Mc Robbie’s study

Answer 3

Study of girl’s magasines
* 1970s emphasis on being married and not being left on the shelf
* Now independence and assertive women

Question 4

Evaluations - impact of feminism

Answer 4

• Doesn’t recognise pay gap between women
• Gender pay gap still exists

Question 5

Changes in the family
What are the 4 changes since 1970s?

Answer 5

1. increase in divorce
2. Increase n cohabitation and decrease in first marriage
3. increase in lone parent families
4. smaller families

Question 6

How does changes in the family affect girl’s achievement?

Answer 6

• affects girls attitudes as more want to become ecnomically independent as the divorce rate / lone parents
• So to achieve this motivated to get good jobs / qualifications

Question 7

Changes in womens employment?

Answer 7

1970 equal pay act / 1975 sex discrimination act - encouraging women within the work place
* more women in work due to increase in service sector

Question 8

How does changes to women’s employment affect girl’s education achievement?

Answer 8

• Encourages to see futute in terms of paid work
• role models

inscentive to get qualifications within school as more opportunities are available

Question 9

Girls’ changing ambitions

Sharpes study ?

Answer 9

Changing in amvitions supported by research
SHARPE - inerviewed girls in 70s and 90s
70s - prioritsed marriage and children with low aspiraitons
90s - career focused and supporting themselves became important rather than just office jobs

So to be able to reach this economic self - sufficiency girls recognise value of education and gain an individualised notion of self -BECK

Question 10

Do all girls achieve?

Class,gender and ambition

Answer 10

Class differences are evident
WC girls still have stereotypical aspirations

REAY - WC girls limited aspirations reflect limited job opportunities they receivewhere as being married is doable and offers status

BIGGART - WC girls see motherhood as only viable option as other kobs are risky

So don’t achieve at school as too much of a risk

Question 11

What does gender quake mean?

wilkinson

Answer 11

Wilkinson (1994) argues fundamental changes in attitudes towards female role in society has been achieved.

Question 12

Evaluation

Answer 12

• some areas are still dominated by males ie engineering and physics
• Little movement of male recruitment in female domains
• differences on social class + ethnicity aiming with lower aspirations

Question 13

What does wilkinson argue/ what concept ?

Answer 13

the genderquake