External factors Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five external factors?

A
  1. Impact of feminism
  2. Changes within the family
  3. Change’s in women’s employment
  4. Girl’s changing ambition
  5. Class gender and ambition
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2
Q

Impact of feminism

A

1960s feminism movement
* raised aspirations
* Opportunities and changes in laws
* Raised self esteems - girls able to have greater ambitions to suceed

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3
Q

impact of feminism

Mc Robbie’s study

A

Study of girl’s magasines
* 1970s emphasis on being married and not being left on the shelf
* Now independence and assertive women

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4
Q

Evaluations - impact of feminism

A
  • Doesn’t recognise pay gap between women
  • Gender pay gap still exists
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5
Q

Changes in the family
What are the 4 changes since 1970s?

A
  1. increase in divorce
  2. Increase n cohabitation and decrease in first marriage
  3. increase in lone parent families
  4. smaller families
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6
Q

How does changes in the family affect girl’s achievement?

A
  • affects girls attitudes as more want to become ecnomically independent as the divorce rate / lone parents
  • So to achieve this motivated to get good jobs / qualifications
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7
Q

Changes in womens employment?

A

1970 equal pay act / 1975 sex discrimination act - encouraging women within the work place
* more women in work due to increase in service sector

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8
Q

How does changes to women’s employment affect girl’s education achievement?

A
  • Encourages to see futute in terms of paid work
  • role models

inscentive to get qualifications within school as more opportunities are available

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9
Q

Girls’ changing ambitions

Sharpes study ?

A

Changing in amvitions supported by research
SHARPE - inerviewed girls in 70s and 90s
70s - prioritsed marriage and children with low aspiraitons
90s - career focused and supporting themselves became important rather than just office jobs

So to be able to reach this economic self - sufficiency girls recognise value of education and gain an individualised notion of self -BECK

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10
Q

Do all girls achieve?

Class,gender and ambition

A

Class differences are evident
WC girls still have stereotypical aspirations

REAY - WC girls limited aspirations reflect limited job opportunities they receivewhere as being married is doable and offers status

BIGGART - WC girls see motherhood as only viable option as other kobs are risky

So don’t achieve at school as too much of a risk

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11
Q

What does gender quake mean?

wilkinson

A

Wilkinson (1994) argues fundamental changes in attitudes towards female role in society has been achieved.

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12
Q

Evaluation

A
  • some areas are still dominated by males ie engineering and physics
  • Little movement of male recruitment in female domains
  • differences on social class + ethnicity aiming with lower aspirations
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13
Q

What does wilkinson argue/ what concept ?

A

the genderquake

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