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BIOL213LA > EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES > Flashcards

EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES Flashcards

1
Q

The body of vertebrates is generally divided into __,
__, and __ along with some __

A

head
trunk
tail
external features

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2
Q

vertebrates
Usually, their body is __, although some groups
exhibit a rather specialized shape because of
adaptations to a particular mode of life or habitat.

A

fusiform

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3
Q

a __ is peculiar to land vertebrates

A

neck

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4
Q

the body of chondrichthyes is __ or __

A

fusiform
spindle-shaped

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5
Q

group of animal, its body is:
Being pointed at both ends and laterally flattened

A

chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)

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6
Q

The body of chondrichthyes is provided with a __, which can be felt as rough tiny spines if the hand is passed over its skin.

A

minute scale

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7
Q

chondrichthyes
A __, which is a fine, light-colored whitish horizontal stripe, will be observed to extend along each
side of the body

A

lateral line

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8
Q

chondrichthyes
Underneath the lateral line is the __ that contains sensory cells.

A

lateral canal

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9
Q

chondrichthyes
The zigzag muscle segments or __ can also be detected through the skin

A

myotomes

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10
Q

the body is chondrichthyes if divided into (3)

A

head
trunk
tail

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11
Q

chondrichthyes
the most anterior part of the body, somewhat flattened and triangular in shape.

A

head

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12
Q

chondrichthyes
structures in the head (5)

A

rostrum
mouth
nostrils
eyes
endolympatic ducts

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13
Q

head of chondrichthyes
the pointed anterior end of the head

A

rostrum

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14
Q

head of chondrichthyes
the ventral narrow and crescentic opening that is bounded by the upper and lower jaws both bearing diagonal rows of teeth

A

mouth

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15
Q

head of chondrichthyes
a pair of openings on the ventral side of the rostrum. It is provided with a little flap of
skin dividing the nostril into two passages

A

nostrils

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16
Q

head of chondrichthyes
a pair of large oval structures on each side of the head, set in deep sockets without upper and lower eyelids.

A

eyes

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17
Q

head of chondrichthyes
two canals that connect the ears to the surface of the head by a pair of small pores on the mid-dorsal surface of the head just at the back level of the eyes.

A

endolympatic ducts

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18
Q

chondrichthyes
fusiform or spindle-shaped, being pointed at both ends and laterally flattened.

A

trunk

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19
Q

parts of the trunk of chondrichthyes (4)

A

gill slits
unpaired median fins
paired fins
cloacal aperture/anus

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20
Q

part of the trunk of chondrichthyes
openings just behind the eyes,
consisting of:
spiracle
2d to 6th gill slits

A

gill slits

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21
Q

part of the trunk of chondrichthyes
arise from the median
line consisting of:
anterior and posterior dorsal fins

A

unpaired median fins

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22
Q

part of the trunk of chondrichthyes
arise from the ventral side, consists of:
pectoral fins
pelvic fins

A

paired fins

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23
Q

part of the trunk of chondrichthyes
a large opening found between the bases of the pelvic fins, which if spread apart, a projecting UROGENITAL PAPILLA
would be seen

A

cloacal aperture/anus

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24
Q

trunk part of chondrichthyes:
an anterior pair of fins
found immediately behind the gill slits.

A

pectoral fins

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25
Q

trunk part of chondrichthyes:
a posterior pair of fins found at the junction of the trunk and
tail

A

pelvic fins

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26
Q

pelvic fin in chondrichthyes
In males, two stout processes directed backward, called __,
are found on the medial side of
each pelvic fin. All fins are
supported by fine flexible rays
called the __

A

claspers
dermal fin rays or ceratotrichia

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27
Q

part of chondrichthyes
modified into a fin, located at the posterior end of the body, and considered HETEROCERCAL
because it consists of a larger dorsal and a smaller ventral lobe

A

tail

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28
Q

type of tail of chondrichthyes

A

heterocercal tail

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29
Q

osteichthyes (bony fish)
The body is covered with __, arranged in diagonal rows, and embedded into the __ of the skin. A __ is also present.

A

scales
dermis
lateral line

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30
Q

the head of ostechthyes is consists of (6)

A

mouth
nostrils
eyes
gill cover/operculum
bronchiostegal membrane
gill arches

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31
Q

part of the head of osteichthyes
the most anterior part of the body, somewhat oblongated in shape

A

mouth

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32
Q

part of the head of osteichthyes
two pairs of openings on the
anterodorsal end of the head

A

nostrils

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33
Q

part of the head of osteichthyes
large structures found on each side of the head, without upper and lower eyelids

A

eyes

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34
Q

part of the head of osteichthyes
a large flap-like structure that forms the posterior and lateral margins of the head, made up of __

A

gill cover/operculum
opercular bones

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35
Q

part of the head of osteichthyes (gill cover)
large, flat scalelike bones that support the operculum and cover the gill opening, a wide slit in the body wall.

A

opercular bones

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36
Q

part of the head of osteichthyes
a membrane attached to the ventral margin of the operculum and is supported by seven bony
rays called the __

A

bronchiostegal membrane
branchiostegal rays

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37
Q

part of the head of osteichthyes
four curved structures within
the cavity covered by the operculum, consists of:
gill (gill filament)
gill rakers

A

gill arches

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38
Q

osteichthyes, part of gill arches
situated on the outer margin,
consists of double rows of soft
filaments

A

gill or gill filament

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39
Q

osteichthyes, part of gill arches
situated on the inner margin, a series of tooth-like processes.

A

gill rakers

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40
Q

part of osteichthyes
fusiform and compressed laterally

A

trunk

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41
Q

trunk of osteichthyes is consists of (4)

A

unpaired fins
paired fins
anal opening
urogenital papilla

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42
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes
arise from the mid-dorsal
line, consists of:
anterior and posterior fins
anal fin

A

unpaired fins

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43
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes (unpaired fin)
arise from the median line.
- The position varies in different
fishes

A

anterior & posterior fins

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44
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes (unpaired fins)
found on the ventral region

A

anal fin

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45
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes
arise from the ventral side, consists of:
pectoral fins
pelvic fins

A

paired fins

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46
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes (paired fins)
found just behind the operculum

A

pectoral fins

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47
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes (paired fins)
found nearly at the level of the pectoral fin from the level of the anus.

A

pelvic fins

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48
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes
a large opening on the midventral line in front of the ventral fin

A

anal opening

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49
Q

part of trunk of osteichthyes
a small elevation that projects from a depression just behind the anal opening

A

urogenital papilla

50
Q

The fins of the fishes are supported by bony flexible jointed fin rays called __

A

lepidotrichia

51
Q

the tail of osteichthyes is modified into __

52
Q

type of tail in osteichthyes

A

homoncercal

53
Q

The typical turtle’s body is __ and provided with __. It is divided into head, neck, trunk, and short tail regions

A

cornified
scales

54
Q

(4) regions of turtle

A

head
neck
trunk
tail

55
Q

region of turtle
anterior-most part of the body, somewhat triangular in shape

56
Q

region of turtle
long and flexible structure that joins the head to the trunk region

57
Q

region of turtle
broad and flat, encased by a shell

58
Q

region of turtle
the most posterior, much reduced part of the body, both in length and in diameter

59
Q

(4) parts of the head of a turtle

A

externl nares
eyes
jaws
eardrum

60
Q

part of the head of a turtle
a pair of closely placed openings situated at the tip of the head

A

external nares

61
Q

part of the head of a turtle
large structure, situated at each side of the head. It is provided with upper and lower eyelids and a third eyelid, called the
__, situated at the anterior corner of the eye

A

eyes
nictitating membrane

62
Q

part of the head of a turtle
terminally-situated anterior opening of the head, made up of hard, horny beak that lacks teeth.

63
Q

part of the head of a turtle
a circular membrane found
behind the angle of the jaws

64
Q

(4) parts of the trunk of a turtle

A

carapace
plastron
forelimbs
hindlimbs

65
Q

part of the trunk of a turtle
that dorsal arched shell

66
Q

part of the trunk of a turtle
anterior part of the limbs consisting of the upper arm, forearm, and manus or hand

67
Q

part of the trunk of a turtle
the ventral flat shell

68
Q

part of the trunk of a turtle
posterior part of the limbs
consisting of the thigh, shank, and pes or foot

69
Q

Both carapace and plastron are
connected by __ situated ventrolaterally

A

lateral bridges

70
Q

turtles
Both forelimbs and hindlimbs are __ types (with 5 digits).
The webbed digits terminate into
claws

A

pentadactyl

71
Q

snake
The body is __ and divided into three regions: head, trunk, and tail. The head is usually separated from the trunk by a __. Its body is entirely covered with __

A

elongated
neck-like constriction
epidermal scales

72
Q

body region of the snake
is the most anterior part of the body, which is well developed,

73
Q

body region of the snake
posterior to the head. Observe the there is no clear distinction between the thorax and abdomen

74
Q

body region of the snake
is the part posterior to the vent or anus.

75
Q

(3) parts of the head of snake

A

eyes
mouth
nostrils

76
Q

part of the head of snake
located at each side of the head,
provided with movable eyelids

77
Q

part of the head of snake
situated at the rostral end
which is dilatable because the bones of the jaws and palate are united by elastic ligaments

78
Q

part of the head of snake
a pair of closely placed openings situated at the tip of the head

79
Q

snake
The limbs are __. But in some species, the hindlimbs are represented by __ beside the
vent

A

absent
mere spurs

80
Q

The body is divided into four regions: head, neck, trunk,
and stump tail. The body is almost entirely covered with
feathers

A

chicken (aves)

81
Q

body region of aves (chicken)
is the most anterior part of the body, which is well-developed,

82
Q

body region of aves (chicken)
long, flexible part, situated immediately posterior to the head.

83
Q

body region of aves (chicken)
the shorter, firmer, and non-flexible part of the body due to the fusion of the bones of the back. This also has two pairs of limbs

84
Q

body region of aves (chicken)
represented as a stump, the uropygium, with a half-circle of large flight feathers, the retrices

85
Q

(5) structures found in the head of chicken

A

eyes
ears
beak
external nares
cere

86
Q

structure found in the head of chicken
situated at each side of the head,
generally are and provided with upper and lower eyelids.
- the third eyelid or nictitating
membrane can be drawn across the eye from the anterior corner

87
Q

structure found in the head of chicken
observed only in a plucked bird and is situated posterior and below the eyes.

88
Q

structure found in the head of chicken
the most anterior elongated
structure of the head and is made up of upper and lower jaws that are encased in horny sheaths. Notice the absence of teeth.

89
Q

structure found in the head of chicken
slit-like openings situated under the anterior margins of the cere

A

external nares

90
Q

structure found in the head of chicken
a cushion-like protuberance on the base of the upper beak. This occurs only in some families of birds

91
Q

(2) parts of trunk of a chicken

A

forelimb
hindlimb

92
Q

part of trunk of a chicken
an anterior pair of limbs modified into wings or organs of flight. It consists of a short upper arm that is directed posteriorly, a longer forearm that is directed forward, and the fused hand and
wrist which are elongated and directed caudad

93
Q

part of trunk of a chicken
the posterior pair of limbs that
are partially covered with feathers and partly with horny scales like those in reptiles.

94
Q

chicken forelimb
The big flight feathers of the wings are termed __; those of the hand are termed __; of the forearm __; of the upper arm as __ or __

A

remiges
primaries
secondaries
tertiaries
humeral

95
Q

chicken hindlimb
There are only __ digits that
terminate into claws, the __ digit being absent. Observe that the entire limb is directed ventrally so as to raise that animal above the ground

96
Q

(2) parts of the tail of chicken

A

anus/cloacal aperture
uropygial gland

97
Q

part of the tail of chicken
a transverse slit or opening with protruding lips situated under the base of the tail

A

anus/cloacal aperture

98
Q

part of the tail of chicken
a gland of which the opening is represented by a prominent papilla, situated dorsally but anterior to the base of the tail stump of a plucked chicken

A

uropygial gland

99
Q

The body is covered by hairs called __. The body is
divided into four regions: head, neck, trunk, and tail.

A

mammal (cat)
FUR

100
Q

body region of cats
large, most anterior part of the body

101
Q

body region of cats
the region of the body that is immediately posterior to the head

102
Q

body region of cats
the region immediately posterior to the neck

103
Q

body region of cats
the most posterior part of the body

104
Q

(2) regions found in the head region of cats

A

cranial region
facial region

105
Q

structure found in the cranial region of the head of cats
situated at the anterolateral part of the cranium

A

external ears

106
Q

part of the external ears of cats
long and flexible external fold of the ear

107
Q

part of the external ears of cats
a passageway that descends
deeply into the skull.

A

external auditory meatus

108
Q

structure found in the facial region of cats
situated at each side of the
face, provided with upper and lower eyelids and a third eyelid (nictitating membrane). The third eyelid could be grasped and drawn over the eyeball.

109
Q

structure found in the head region of cats
elongated and overhung by the nose.

A

external nares

110
Q

structure found in the facial region of cats
especially long and stout hairs surrounding the nose and mouth

A

whiskers/vibrissae

111
Q

region in the head of cats
the largest part of the head, housing the brain

A

cranial region

112
Q

region in the head of cats
anterior part of the
head

A

facial region

113
Q

structure found in the facial region of cats
well developed and fleshy.
Notice the cleft at the cent of the
upper lip.

114
Q

(2) parts of the trunk of cats

A

chest/thorax
abdomen

115
Q

part of the trunk of cats
the posterior part of the trunk

116
Q

part of the trunk of cats
the anterior part of the
trunk that is supported by the ribs

A

chest/thorax

117
Q

(3) structures in the abdomen of cats

A

teats/nipples
forelimbs
hindlimbs

118
Q

structure in the abdomen of cats
four or five pairs in number on the ventral part of the trunk.

A

teats/nipples

119
Q

structure in the abdomen of cats
the anterior pair of the limbs that consist of the upper arm,
forearm, and manus or hand.

120
Q

structure in the abdomen of cats
the posterior pair of limbs that consist of the thigh, shank, and pes or foot

121
Q

The limbs’ digits terminate in claws; five in front and four behind since the first hind tow is absent. The claws of the cat and the rest of its family are __. The cat walks on its digits (__) and the
rest of the hand and foot are
elevated.

A

retractile
digitegrade

BIOL213LA (5 decks)

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