Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL213LA > EXOSKELETAL STRUCTURES OF VERTEBRATES > Flashcards

EXOSKELETAL STRUCTURES OF VERTEBRATES Flashcards

1
Q

The scales of fishes are derived from the __ and are therefore __ in origin

A

dermis
mesodem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(3) parts of the exoskeleton (scale) of fishes

A

basal plate or root
spine
pulp cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

part of the exoskeleton (scales) of fish
the dermal embedded, flat,
bony base of the scale.

A

basal plate or root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

part of the exoskeleton (scales) of fish
a shiny curved dermal outgrowth directed caudad and erupts from the epidermis.

A

spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

part of the exoskeleton (scales) of fish
cavity found at the center of the basal plate and spine

A

pulp cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

spine of the scales of fishes
Consists of __ that is covered with a hard layer of __. (Both are of __ origin).

A

dentine
vitrodentine
mesodermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(3) types of scales of fishes

A

cycloid scale
ctenoid scale
ganoid scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

type of scales of fishes
The scale is roughly circular, fluted, thin, and flexible. Note that the scale is made up of __. The expected free half is smooth and cleft. The embedded portion of the scale constitutes the other half if fluted

A

cycloid scale
concentric ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type of scales of fishes
is also thin and with ridges. The basal embedded portion is scalloped. The free edge, on the other hand, hears numerous
comb-like or tooth-like projections called __ or __.

A

ctenoid scale
ctenidia
teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

type of scales of fishes
The scale is rhomboidal in shape and covered by a hard, shiny, translucent material called __, which is mesodermal in origin. The edges are darkly stained due
to the presence of ganoin

A

ganoid scale
ganoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dorsa side of the carapace (turtle)
Examine the large, thin horny, __
covering the surface of the carapace. Its boundaries are
marked by grooves.

A

epidermal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(5) parts of the dorsal/outer view of the carapace

A

neural scutes
coastal scutes
marginal scute
nuchal scutes
pygal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

part of the dorsal/outer view of the carapace
a median row of five scutes.

A

neural scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

part of the dorsal/outer view of the carapace
a lateral row of four pairs of scutes

A

coastal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

part of the dorsal/outer view of the carapace
a circular row of 25 scutes
consisting of

A

marginal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

part of the dorsal/outer view of the carapace
an anterior, smaller, median
unpaired scutes

A

nuchal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

part of the dorsal/outer view of the carapace
two median posterior scutes

A

pygal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Observe that the scutes can be removed from the carapace but its boundaries are not the same as that of the underlying plates. Scutes are epidermal, therefore
__ in embryonic origin

A

ectodermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ventral side of the carapace (turtle)
Observe the continuation or extension of the marginal scutes covering the margin of the underside, called __. The ventral surface is made up of heavy bony plates, which are dermal or mesodermal in origin. The plates are fused to the vertebrae or ribs and are bounded by jagged sutures

A

inframarginal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(4) parts of the ventral side of the carapace

A

marginal scutes
nuchal scutes
marginal plates
pygal plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

part of the ventral side of the carapace
a circle or marginal row of 24
plates

A

marginal plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

part of the ventral side of the carapace
an anterior, large, unpaired median plate

A

nuchal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

part of the ventral side of the carapace
a total of eleven paired marginal
plates

A

marginal plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

part of the ventral side of the carapace
an unpaired median posterior plate

A

pygal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

dorsal view of the plastron
Like in the carapace, the plastron is also made up of bony dermal plates covered by __ bounded by sutures.

A

horny epidermal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

(5) parts of the dorsal view of plastron

A

epiplastra
entoplastron
hyoplastra
hypoplastra
xiphiplastra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

part of the dorsal view of plastron
the most anterior small pair of plates

A

epiplastra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

part of the dorsal view of plastron
an unpaired median plate posterior to the epiplastra and provided with a posteriorly
projecting point

A

entoplastron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

part of the dorsal view of plastron
a pair of squarish plates immediately posterior to the entoplastron

A

hyoplastron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

part of the dorsal view of plastron
a pair of squarish plates immediately posterior to the hyoplastra.

A

hypoplastra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

part of the dorsal view of plastron
a pair of squarish plates immediately posterior to the hypoplastra

A

xiphiplastron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dorsal view of the plastron
___ scutes cover the bridges

A

irregular inframarginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

(6) parts of the ventral view of the plastron

A

gular scutes
humeral scutes
pectoral scutes
adominal scutes
femoral scutes
anal scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

part of the ventral view of the plastron
the most anterior and smallest pair of scutes.

A

gular scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

part of the ventral view of the plastron
a pair of squarish scutes
immediately posterior to the gular scutes

A

humeral scutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

part of the ventral view of the plastron
a pair of squarish scutes
immediately posterior to the humeral

A

pectoral scutes

37
Q

part of the ventral view of the plastron
a pair of squarish scutes
immediately posterior to the pectoral.

A

abdominal scutes

38
Q

part of the ventral view of the plastron
a pair of squarish scutes
immediately posterior to the abdominal

A

femoral scutes

39
Q

part of the ventral view of the plastron
a pair of small scutes immediately posterior to the femoral.

A

anal scutes

40
Q

type of exoskeleton of snakes

A

epidermal scales

41
Q

(10) parts of the exoskeleton of the head of snakes

A

frontal plate
parietals
supraorbitals
prefrontals
internasals
rostral
nasals
orbitals
superior and inferior labials
temporals

42
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
central and unpaired

A

frontal plate

43
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
two large plates posterior to the
frontal

44
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
paired plates, somewhat oblongated and situated between the frontal plates and eyes

A

supraorbitals

45
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
paired plates anterior to the
frontal

A

prefrontals

46
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
paired, anterior to the prefrontals and between the nasals

A

internasals

47
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
unpaired plate, covering the extremity of the snout

48
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
plates surrounding the paired nostrils

49
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
small plates surrounding each eye. The number depends on the kind of species.

50
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes
situated on the edge of the upper and lower lips,respectively

A

superior and inferior labials

51
Q

part of the head of the exoskeleton of snakes situated posterior to the orbitals and above the superior labials.

52
Q

exoskeleton of snakes
in some species, the internasals are separated by a small median plate known as __

53
Q

the __ and __ of snakes are entirely covered with epidermal scales

54
Q

exoskeleton of snakes
The scales of the ventral surface of the body are short and wide slightly overlapping and called __, while those of the tail are in two rows, more or less united, and are called __.

A

gastrosteges
urosteges

55
Q

exoskeleton of snakes
The last Gastrostegite is called the __. The scales of the dorsal upper of the body and tail are smaller, oblongated, and keeled
with a longitudinal median ridge and are slightly overlapped. The scales are usually arranged in rows.

A

anal plate

56
Q

exoskeleton of aves (chicken)
The body of birds is almost covered entirely with feathers. The hindlimbs are covered with __ and provided with claws. The mouth is modified into __. Feathers are found in areas of the skin called __ or __, while the featherless areas found in between are called __

A

epidermal scales
horny beaks
feather tract
pterylae
apterylae

57
Q

(3) general types of feathers

A

filoplume or hair feather
plumule or down feather
contour feather

58
Q

general type of feathers
fine hair that can only be seen in the young and plucked bird

A

filoplume or hair feather

59
Q

general type of feathers
fluffy covering found in young birds between the bases of the contour feather in adult birds

A

plumule or down feather

60
Q

general type of feathers
covers and gives an outline to the body

A

contour feather

61
Q

(2) structure in filoplume or hair feather

A

main axis
terminal barbs

62
Q

structure in filoplume or hair feather
a long slender shaft that is
embedded in the skin and surrounded at its base by the feather follicle or root

63
Q

structure in filoplume or hair feather
soft rays that are borne at the distal end of the main axis. It is also provided with side rays called __, without __

A

terminal barbs
barbules
hooklets

64
Q

(3) structures in plumule or down feather

A

quill or calamus
barbs
barbules

65
Q

structure in plumule or down feather
a basal, short, hollow stem, which is embedded in the integument

A

quill or calamus

66
Q

structure in plumule or down feather
the numerous soft rays that arise in a circle from the free end of the quill

67
Q

structure in plumule or down feather
minute or tiny side rays arising from each side of the barbs

68
Q

contour feather arises from the __ or __

A

feather tracts
pterylae

69
Q

contour feather that is primarily used for flying

A

flight feather

70
Q

structure in contour feather
the central axis which bears on each side a web-like, flat expansion called the __

71
Q

structure in contour feather
the lower bare and hollow part
of the quill.

72
Q

structure in contour feather
the opening on the proximal end of the quill and is inserted into
the feather follicle.

A

inferior umbilicus

73
Q

structure in contour feather
a ventral opening at the beginning of the vane and serves as a point where the afterfeather, a lessdeveloped tuft of accessory feather arises

A

superior umbilicus

74
Q

structure in contour feather
the solid part of the quill that
supports the vane

A

shaft or rachis

75
Q

structure in contour feather
expanded portion of the quill

76
Q

(6) parts of the vane of contour feather

A

outer vane
inner vane
barbs
barbules
hooklets/barbicels
umblical groove

77
Q

contour feather that is primarily used to cover the body

A

covert feather

78
Q

part of the vane of contour featherarrower side of the feather

A

outer vane

79
Q

part of the vane of contour feather
wider side of the feather

A

inner vane

80
Q

part of the vane of contour feather
parallel, obliquely placed rays that adhere to each other and arise from the rachis

81
Q

part of the vane of contour feather
side rays originating from each
side of the barb.

82
Q

part of the vane of contour feather
tiny hooks situated on the lower part of each distal barbules,
resulting in the barbs being hooked together

A

hooklets/barbicels

83
Q

part of the vane of contour feather
a median ventral groove
that extends from the superior umbilicus to the tip of the rachis

A

umbilical groove

84
Q

exoskeleton of mammal (cat)
The body of mammals is almost entirely covered with __. The exposed part of the hair is called the __. The embedded part is called the __.

A

hairs
shaft
root

85
Q

parts of mammalian hair (3)

A

cuticle
medulla
cortex

86
Q

part of mammalian hair
forms the surface layer of the hair

87
Q

part of mammalian hair
the median innermost layer of the hair. The medulla is often absent, especially in smaller hairs

88
Q

part of mammalian hair
between the cuticle and medulla

BIOL213LA (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions