ANATOMICAL TERMS & ANATOMY OF AMPHIOXUS

Question 1

denotes the back (posterior in human anatomy)

Answer 1

dorsal

Question 2

belly or underside. (Anterior in human anatomy)

Answer 2

ventral

Question 3

the head or toward the head (Superior in human anatomy)

Answer 3

anterior, cranial, cephalic

Question 4

the tail or toward the tail. (Inferior in human anatomy)

Answer 4

posterior, caudal

Question 5

refers to the middle

Answer 5

median

Question 6

refers to the side

Answer 6

lateral

Question 7

refers to the left side

Answer 7

sinistral

Question 8

refers to the right side

Answer 8

dextral

Question 9

above

Answer 9

superior

Question 10

below

Answer 10

inferior

Question 11

near the given point

Answer 11

proximal

Question 12

away from the given point

Answer 12

distal

Question 13

near the middle

Answer 13

central

Question 14

toward the edge or surface

Answer 14

peripheral

Question 15

near the surface

Answer 15

superficial

Question 16

some distance below the surface

Answer 16

deep

Question 17

axes
line in the sagittal plane extending from head to tail

Answer 17

longitudinal
anteroposterior

Question 18

axes
line in the medial plane extending from dorsal to ventral surfaces

Answer 18

sagittal
dorsoventral

Question 19

axes
any line in the transverse plane running from side to side

Answer 19

transverse
medio-lateral

Question 20

plane
a longitudinal plane through the axis of the animal, which extends from dorsal to ventral

Answer 20

sagittal

Question 21

plane
one that divides the animal into equal halves

Answer 21

median sagittal

Question 22

plane
any plane parallel to medial sagittal

Answer 22

parasagittal

Question 23

plane
parallel to dorsal and ventral surfaces and is at a right angle to a sagittal plane

Answer 23

frontal or horizontal

Question 24

plane
cut across any level of the body at a right angle to the sagittal and frontal planes

Answer 24

transverse or cross-section

Question 25

class and subphylum or amphioxus

Answer 25

class Leptocardii subphylum Cephalochordata

Question 26

the body of __ is slender, compressed laterally, the anterior end being blunt and the posterior end being pointed and fish-like. It has a poorly developed head and a tail modified into a fin. It thrives along ocean shores in sandy beaches burying itself with its oral hood protruding.

Answer 26

amphioxus

Question 27

external anatomy of amphioxus the most anterior blunt end, with the following associated structures rostrum oral hood vestibule cirri/buccal cirri mouth

Answer 27

head

Question 28

external anatomy of amphioxus the terminal blun end of the head

Answer 28

rostrum

Question 29

external anatomy of amphioxus an expanded membrane of the ventral and greater part of the poorly developed head.

Answer 29

oral hood

Question 30

external anatomy of amphioxus cavity enclosed by the oral hood

Answer 30

vestibule

Question 31

external anatomy of amphioxus stiff ciliated tentacles projecting from the edge of the oral hoo

Answer 31

cirri/buccal cirri

Question 32

external anatomy of amphioxus situated at the bottom of the vestibule

Answer 32

mouth

Question 33

external anatomy of amphioxus situated along the anterodorsal aspect of the animal

Answer 33

dorsal fin

Question 34

external anatomy of amphioxus seen beneath the posterior quarter of the animal

Answer 34

ventral fin

Question 35

external anatomy of amphioxus a pair of ventrolateral membranous folds on the flattened portion of the animal and continue forward from the anterior end of the ventral fins

Answer 35

lateral fins or metapleural folds

Question 36

external anatomy of amphioxus continuation of the dorsal and ventral fins that are slightly expanded surrounding the tail

Answer 36

caudal fin

Question 37

external anatomy of amphioxus a median ventral opening, posterior to the fusion of the two metapleural folds

Answer 37

atriopore

Question 38

external anatomy of amphioxus an opening situated to the left side of the caudal fin at the point where the fin widens

Answer 38

anus

Question 39

internal anatomy of amphioxus a series of v-shaped masses of muscle arranged longitudinally separated by a connective tissue called __

Answer 39

myotomes myosepta

Question 40

internal anatomy of amphioxus a rod extending along the entire length of the body from the rostrum to the tip of the caudal end.

Answer 40

notochord

Question 41

internal anatomy of amphioxus a much smaller tube just above the notochord, with the presence of a row of black spots called __ or __.

Answer 41

neural tube or CNS ocelli simple eyes

Question 42

internal anatomy of amphioxus a vertical membrane that surrounds the mouth which is provided with __

Answer 42

velum velar tentacles

Question 43

internal anatomy of amphioxus a series of dark bands immediately behind the vellum.

Answer 43

pharyngeal bars or gill bards or branchial bars

Question 44

internal anatomy of amphioxus alternating light bands considered as elongated openings formed by the pharyngeal bars

Answer 44

pharyngeal clefts or gill slits

Question 45

internal anatomy of amphioxus a row finger-like projection situated on the inner surface of the posterior part of the oral hood

Answer 45

wheel organ

Question 46

(2) stuctures that make up the pharynx

Answer 46

gill bars gill slits

Question 47

vertebrates are considered __ animals

Answer 47

symmetrical