External Anatomy of Spinal Cord, Fibers, Ganglia and Meninges Flashcards
What is the grey matter in spinal cord?
neurons
sensory-dorsal
motor- ventral
What is white matter in spinal cord?
fiber tracts
What is a rootlet?
branches of nerve root that is closer to spinal tract
What are the three prominent sulci in spinal cord?
dorsal and ventral fissure/sulci
dorsal intermediete
What parts of spinal cord are CNS?
spinal cord, grey and white matter
What parts of spinal cord are PNS?
dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, spinal nerves
What is meninges?
connective tissue that surrounds and protects brain and spinal cord
What are the three layers of meninges deepest to superficial?
pia, arachnoid and dura
Spinal nerves in cranial region?
all spinal nerves in cranial region exit above the vertebral body
ex. C2 nerve exits above C2 vertebral body
How many spinal nerves in each region?
8- cerv
12- thor
5- lumbar
5- sacral
What is the cervical enlargement?
The reason behind the enlargement of the cervical region is because of the increased neural input and output to the upper limbs.
C3-T2
Lumbar enlargement?
The reason behind the enlargement of the lumbar region is because of the increased neural input and output to the lower limbs.
L1-S2
Conus medullaris?
tapered lower end of spinal cord
at sacral level
Cauda equina?
is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots, consisting of L2-coccyx nerve
What is the brain stem region?
midbrain and hindbrain- cerebellum
Nuclei of Cranial nerves?
sensory and motor
ex. spinal trigeminal (somatosensory)
spinal accessory nucleus (lower motor neuron)
Reticular nuclei
for motor control (upper motor neurons)
consciousness
What is the vermis?
located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum
aka Arbor vitae
What is the paravermal?
medial hemisphere excluding vermis, area around vermis
What are the three lobes of cerebellum?
A/P and flocculonodular lobe
What is flocculonodular lobe?
essential in balance and motor control
contains flocculus (next to 8th cranial nerve) and nodulus
What are the cerebellar peduncles?
is the part that connects cerebellum to the brain stem
What are the main cerebellar peduncles?
inferior or resitform
middle or brachium pontis “arms of pons”
superior or brachium conjunctivum
Inferior CP?
input and outputs from medulla and spinal cord to cerebellum, both sensory and motor
middle CP?
input from pons into cerebellum
superior CP?
output to midbrain and thalamus from cerebellum
also small spinocerebellar input to cerebellum
