External Anatomy of Spinal Cord, Fibers, Ganglia and Meninges

Question 1

What is the grey matter in spinal cord?

Answer 1

neurons

sensory-dorsal
motor- ventral

Question 2

What is white matter in spinal cord?

Answer 2

fiber tracts

Question 3

What is a rootlet?

Answer 3

branches of nerve root that is closer to spinal tract

Question 4

What are the three prominent sulci in spinal cord?

Answer 4

dorsal and ventral fissure/sulci

dorsal intermediete

Question 5

What parts of spinal cord are CNS?

Answer 5

spinal cord, grey and white matter

Question 6

What parts of spinal cord are PNS?

Answer 6

dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, spinal nerves

Question 7

What is meninges?

Answer 7

connective tissue that surrounds and protects brain and spinal cord

Question 8

What are the three layers of meninges deepest to superficial?

Answer 8

pia, arachnoid and dura

Question 9

Spinal nerves in cranial region?

Answer 9

all spinal nerves in cranial region exit above the vertebral body

ex. C2 nerve exits above C2 vertebral body

Question 10

How many spinal nerves in each region?

Answer 10

8- cerv
12- thor
5- lumbar
5- sacral

Question 11

What is the cervical enlargement?

Answer 11

The reason behind the enlargement of the cervical region is because of the increased neural input and output to the upper limbs.

C3-T2

Question 12

Lumbar enlargement?

Answer 12

The reason behind the enlargement of the lumbar region is because of the increased neural input and output to the lower limbs.

L1-S2

Question 13

Conus medullaris?

Answer 13

tapered lower end of spinal cord

at sacral level

Question 14

Cauda equina?

Answer 14

is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots, consisting of L2-coccyx nerve

Question 15

What is the brain stem region?

Answer 15

midbrain and hindbrain- cerebellum

Question 16

Nuclei of Cranial nerves?

Answer 16

sensory and motor

ex. spinal trigeminal (somatosensory)

spinal accessory nucleus (lower motor neuron)

Question 17

Reticular nuclei

Answer 17

for motor control (upper motor neurons)

consciousness

Question 18

What is the vermis?

Answer 18

located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum

aka Arbor vitae

Question 19

What is the paravermal?

Answer 19

medial hemisphere excluding vermis, area around vermis

Question 20

What are the three lobes of cerebellum?

Answer 20

A/P and flocculonodular lobe

Question 21

What is flocculonodular lobe?

Answer 21

essential in balance and motor control

contains flocculus (next to 8th cranial nerve) and nodulus

Question 22

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 22

is the part that connects cerebellum to the brain stem

Question 23

What are the main cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 23

inferior or resitform
middle or brachium pontis “arms of pons”
superior or brachium conjunctivum

Question 24

Inferior CP?

Answer 24

input and outputs from medulla and spinal cord to cerebellum, both sensory and motor

Question 25

middle CP?

Answer 25

input from pons into cerebellum

Question 26

superior CP?

Answer 26

output to midbrain and thalamus from cerebellum

also small spinocerebellar input to cerebellum