extentions of Mendel: Gene interactions Flashcards
-two or more genes affecting a single trait
(epistasis, complementation, modifying genes, gene redundancy, intergenic spacers)
-all traits affected by MANY GENES
GENE interaction
Mendel’s success predicated on __________-__________ ________.
true-breeding strains
review slides on gene interaction
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alleles of one gene occlude the phenotypic effects of another gene
masking gene
alleles of one gene affect the expression of phenotype in another gene
modifying gene
- recessive trait of one gene masks/modifies dominant trait of another gene.
- proteins produced by cc and pp do not function properly (weak links in the enz chain) **SLIDES
recessive Epistasis
typically occurs when parents are homozyg dom, homozyg recessive
complementation
alleles of one gene alter the phenotypic expression of another gene.
- in rats, albino (aa) doesn’t actually cover up brown pigment
- brown pigment is not produced in aa individuals
modifying genes
review slides on fruit flies
hooray
one gene compensates for loss of function in another.
gene redundancy
multiple copies of same/similar genes (paralogs/paralogous genes)
gene duplication
____-_________ _______ may produce proteins that have similar functions.
non-homologous genes
- when individual is homozygous for loss-of-function allele
- used to identify phenotypic effects of a gene (create animal/plant with a gene _________ and compare to animal/parent without ________)
gene knockout.
**game plan to knock out a gene online
slides
reverses phenotype caused by another mutation.
suppressor mutations
