Extensions+ Deviations (Chap 13) Flashcards
Multiple Allelesps
(mutation from wild type)
- ABO Blood groups –> example of codominance,production involves H antigen with particular addition per type
- Drosphila Eye Color: 1) red/wt dom> eosin> white
- Relating Multiple Alleles –> diploid max of 2 alleles per gene
Modification of dominant relationships
- incomplete dom: pheno between home rece and home dom==== muted blend
- codomincance: mix of homos
Molecular explanation of incomplete dom and codom
- haplosufficient: 1 copy of gene in haploid –>norm pheno
Essential Genes
- if mutated will result in death
- ie MICE: yellow never true breed ( 2 Ay/A:1A/a, all Ay/Ay died_
Lethal Allele
- if dom =home and heter die
- if rece=home die
- ie Tay-Sachs disease (rec), Hemophilia (X-linked rec), Huntington di (dom–> extension of CAG , higher # higher chance of contracting)
Factors of Gene expression and environment
(develop of multi org from zygote)–> regulate growth, differentiation, increased controlled, gen mat replicated, arranged inter tissue
- penetrance and expressivity
- Effects of environment
- Nature vs. Nurture
penetrance and expressivity
-% or proportion w/ genotype exhibited by pheno
-frequency
- presence of allelel correspond w/ trait present
- ie. Brachyadactyly (50-80%) incomplete pen
and
-degree pheno is expressed
-> constant”: 1 pheno w/ no express effect yield
-> variable”: same geno w/ range of pheno
-> Incomplete penetrance: same geno=dif geno= change degree of gene activation and expre
Effects of environment
(chem and agent exposure)
- age of onset : dif genes expressed at dif time
- sex
- temperature:
- chemical :ie … autosomal rec defect of metabolism
Nature vs Nurture
- norm of reaction: range of pheno for 1 genome
- ie human height
Epistatis
interaction b/n 2+ genes to control 1 pheno
