EXSC 440 Exam 2 L

Question 1

White matter

Answer 1

myelinated axons, outside of spinal column, but inside of brain

Question 2

Gray matter

Answer 2

nuclei/cell bodies

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, inside of spinal cord

Question 3

Olfactory nerve entrance

Answer 3

cribriform plate

Question 4

abducens, oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic nerve entrance

Answer 4

superior orbital fissure

Question 5

Maxillary nerve entrance

Answer 5

Foramen rotundum

Question 6

Mandibular nerve entrance

Answer 6

foramen ovale

Question 7

Vestibulococlear, facial nerve entrance

Answer 7

internal acoustic meatus

Question 8

Glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory nerve entrance

Answer 8

jugular foramen

Question 9

Myotomes

Answer 9

specific portion of a muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve
labeled with the letter and number of the fiber carried by the spinal nerve

Question 10

damage to DISTAL radial

Answer 10

Resulting pathology: wrist drop (extensors don’t get innervated)

handcuff palsy

Question 11

Median nerve damage

Answer 11

pronator teres syndrome

ape hand (thenar)– can’t abduct thumb
or bishop’s hand or benediction hand (flexors of first 3 fingers don’t get innervated)

Question 12

ulnar nerve damage

Answer 12

claw hand

Question 13

superior gluteal injury

Answer 13

Weakened thigh abduction
Positive Trendelelnburg sign-When a person is asked to stand on one leg, the pelvis on the unsupported side descents (B)
“longer leg” on the unsupported side

all different type of gait issues

Question 14

Efferent pathways of ANS

Answer 14

preganglionic/presynaptic –> bodies in CNS

postganglionic –> synapse with pre-ganglionic

Question 15

Location of sympathetic presynaptic bodies

Answer 15

Spinal Cord T1 through L2 or L3

Question 16

Location of parasympathetic presynaptic bodies

Answer 16

Gray matter of the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord

Question 17

Location of ganglion para

Answer 17

ganglion are on or near the target organ

Question 18

location of ganglion symp

Answer 18

ganglion are near the spinal cord

Question 19

Four actions of sympathetic to synapse

Answer 19

ascend then synapse
synapse at same level
descend
pass through abdominal nerves

Question 20

Ascend then synpase

Answer 20

Head
Neck
Upper limb

Question 21

same level synapse

Answer 21

Cardiopulmonary Splanchnic nerves
Visceral of the thoracic cavity
Middle Trunk
Effectors of skin, smooth muscle of blood vessels, sweat glands, and erector pili muscles of hairs

Question 22

descend

Answer 22

When spinal nerves are inferior to the part of the IML involved
Lower Limb
Effectors of skin, smooth muscle of blood vessels, sweat glands, and erector pili muscles of hairs

Question 23

Parasympathetic division ganglion

Answer 23

Presynaptic/Preganglionic Cells
Bodies are in nuclei of cranial nerves
Axons are Long and myelinated

Post-synaptic/Post-ganglionic Cells
Bodies are in or on the target organ
Short and unmyelinated