EXSC 440 Exam 2 L Flashcards
White matter
myelinated axons, outside of spinal column, but inside of brain
Gray matter
nuclei/cell bodies
cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, inside of spinal cord
Olfactory nerve entrance
cribriform plate
abducens, oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic nerve entrance
superior orbital fissure
Maxillary nerve entrance
Foramen rotundum
Mandibular nerve entrance
foramen ovale
Vestibulococlear, facial nerve entrance
internal acoustic meatus
Glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory nerve entrance
jugular foramen
Myotomes
specific portion of a muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve
labeled with the letter and number of the fiber carried by the spinal nerve
damage to DISTAL radial
Resulting pathology: wrist drop (extensors don’t get innervated)
handcuff palsy
Median nerve damage
pronator teres syndrome
ape hand (thenar)– can’t abduct thumb or bishop’s hand or benediction hand (flexors of first 3 fingers don’t get innervated)
ulnar nerve damage
claw hand
superior gluteal injury
Weakened thigh abduction
Positive Trendelelnburg sign-When a person is asked to stand on one leg, the pelvis on the unsupported side descents (B)
“longer leg” on the unsupported side
all different type of gait issues
Efferent pathways of ANS
preganglionic/presynaptic –> bodies in CNS
postganglionic –> synapse with pre-ganglionic
Location of sympathetic presynaptic bodies
Spinal Cord T1 through L2 or L3
Location of parasympathetic presynaptic bodies
Gray matter of the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord
Location of ganglion para
ganglion are on or near the target organ
location of ganglion symp
ganglion are near the spinal cord
Four actions of sympathetic to synapse
ascend then synapse
synapse at same level
descend
pass through abdominal nerves
Ascend then synpase
Head
Neck
Upper limb
same level synapse
Cardiopulmonary Splanchnic nerves
Visceral of the thoracic cavity
Middle Trunk
Effectors of skin, smooth muscle of blood vessels, sweat glands, and erector pili muscles of hairs
descend
When spinal nerves are inferior to the part of the IML involved
Lower Limb
Effectors of skin, smooth muscle of blood vessels, sweat glands, and erector pili muscles of hairs
Parasympathetic division ganglion
Presynaptic/Preganglionic Cells
Bodies are in nuclei of cranial nerves
Axons are Long and myelinated
Post-synaptic/Post-ganglionic Cells
Bodies are in or on the target organ
Short and unmyelinated
