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Fall 2021 > EXSC 221 Final > Flashcards

EXSC 221 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Stress that is exhilarating and personally fulfilling is called ________.

A

eustress

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2
Q

The fight-or-flight response is the term given to the response of the division of the autonomic nervous system called the ________.

A

sympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid in the body, is known as the

A

stress hormone

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4
Q

The allostatic load is a fairly recent discovery that describes how chronic stress ________.

A

can damage the individual

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5
Q

A depressed mood, sickness, and stress all share the same ________.

A

neural loop

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6
Q

The daily amount of caffeine that poses health problems is ________.

A

600 mg

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7
Q

The 5/4 definition applies to ________.

A

binge drinking

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8
Q

A baby may be born with heart defects, microcephaly, mental retardation, vision problems, or hearing problems because if the mother ________ while pregnant.

A

drank alcohol

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9
Q

While only 2–5 percent of the general adult population has this problem, it is estimated that 9 percent of college students have some sort of ________.

A

gambling-related addiction

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10
Q

The Alcoholics Anonymous twelve-step program maintains that ________.

A

recognizing a greater power that can give strength is a first step toward recovery

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11
Q

In women, 80 percent of HIV cases are due to ________.

A

high-risk heterosexual contact

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12
Q

Therapeutic abortion is done for which of the following reasons?

A

to preserve the woman’s physical or mental health

to terminate a pregnancy with a child with a fatal congenital disorder

to reduce the number of fetuses with multiple pregnancy to lessen health risks

to save the life of the pregnant woman

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13
Q

Medical abortion is accomplished ________.

A

with drugs

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14
Q

Which of the following might be defined as sexual harassment?

A

being forced to do something sexual

non-contact communication

electronic messages

being touched or grabbed

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15
Q

Of girls or women who are victims of sexual assault, 50 percent are ages ________.

A

12–24

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16
Q

Positive psychology focuses on ________.

A

mental wellness

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17
Q

Optimism is linked to good health in which way?

A

It helps strengthen the immune system.

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18
Q

What is most likely true if a person blames himself or herself for not being able to respond successfully?

A

He or she is prone to helplessness and poor self-esteem.

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19
Q

Depression may be a result of ________.

A

learned helplessness

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20
Q

People who develop many facets of their personalities ________.

A

exhibit self-complexity

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21
Q

In many cases, there are no cures for chronic illness unless ________.

A

lifestyle changes are made

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22
Q

A chronic disease is defined as ________.

A

that which develops over time and lasts a long time

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23
Q

Mental health is a state of well-being that includes the ________.

A

realization of one’s own abilities

capability to work productively

ability to cope with the normal stresses of life

ability to make contributions to society

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24
Q

The leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States is ________.

A

tobacco use

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25
Q

Risk factors are those behaviors that lead to ________.

A

chronic disease

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26
Q

Physical activity is cathartic. This means that physical activity ________.

A

is therapeutic

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27
Q

The most popular recreational activity is ________.

A

bowling

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28
Q

Inactive leisure time is a ________.

A

precious time to be used wisely

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29
Q

Interval training is good for ________.

A

fat burning

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30
Q

A MET is a measure of ________.

A

the metabolic cost of an activity

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31
Q

Genes must be acted upon or they cannot act. This calls into question the concept of ________.

A

genetic determinism

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32
Q

When you blame someone or something, you are assuming that you have no ________.

A

choice to act

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33
Q

Comparing epigenetics to a computer, ________.

A

the DNA is like the hardware and the epigenome is like the software

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34
Q

Lifestyle medicine is most effective for treating ________.

A

chronic diseases

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35
Q

Antibiotic resistance has resulted from ________

A

the misuse and overuse of antibiotics

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36
Q

allostatsis

A

concept similar to homeostasis. It connotes stability through variability rather than stability through sameness.

37
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

steroid hormones involved in glucose metabolism and made in the adrenal glands

38
Q

Cortisol

A

“enhances the brain’s use of glucose and inhibits functions such as digestion, immune functioning, and other systems not required in the fight-or-flight response”

39
Q

CRH and ACTH

A

CRH stimulates the brain to release ACTH. ACTH causes the adrenal gland to release cortisol

40
Q

Epinephrine

A

increases blood pressure, heart rate, and energy supplies

41
Q

Hormone

A

chemical messenger that regulates activities of cells

42
Q

Endorphins

A

morphine-stimulating brain secretions that help to inhibit pain sensations

43
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

“A designation for the science that recognizes the interconnection between thoughts, feelings, and the responses of the body, particularly the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.”

44
Q

Workplace stress

A

30% very stressed

26% burned out by work

45
Q

Logotherapy

A

“form of psychotherapy that focuses on the “will to meaning.” The underlying premise is that each human life has inherent meaning”

46
Q

Autoimmune diseases caused by stress

A

rheumatoid arthritis

multiple sclerosis

47
Q

Disorders connected to stress

A

depression, anxiety, heart attacks, stroke, hypertension

48
Q

Immune system and stress

A

increase susceptibility to infections. Things like cold, herpes, cancers, AIDS.

49
Q

neural loop

A

the same loop that is used to alert the body to infections or illness is the same loop used in the fight or flight response

50
Q

Chronic stress and obesity

A

chronic stress sends glucose and fatty acids into the bloodstream

stress eaters also tend to crave sweets and starchy foods rather than healthy foods

51
Q

Addiction is a

A

reliance on substances such as drugs, alcohol, or tobacco. also includes processes or behaviors

52
Q

Brain density and addiction

A

decreases

53
Q

Brain plasticity

A

ability to rewire its connections in response to learning and experience. Heightened during adolescent

54
Q

Adolescents and addiction

A

don’t have a fully developed prefrontal cortex

“teenagers may form stronger-held addictions, have a tougher time quitting drugs, and be more susceptible to relapse once they have quit”

55
Q

Dopamine

A

causes the feeling of being high

56
Q

tolerance

A

the more tolerance you build up, the more of the drug you need

57
Q

“STDs are transmitted more frequently by ______, and they often have a more detrimental effect on ______

A

men, women

58
Q

Bacterial STIs

A

treated with antibiotics

Chlamydia, LGV, Gonorrhea, syphilis, pelvic inflammatory disease

59
Q

Viral STIs

A

cannot be cured with antibiotics

genital herpes
HPV
hepatitis B
HIV/AIDs

60
Q

HPV

A 
most common
genital or oral contact
genital warts or cervical cancer
60% of college females
80% of all sexually active
61
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

consequence of several STIs
40% of women who haven’t been treated for other STIs
causes permanent damage and infertility, ectopic pregnancies

62
Q

Green exercise

A

any exercise that occurs outside

63
Q

Renewable energy can be created from

A

kinetic energy`\

64
Q

Conflict resolution

A

separate the individual from the behavior. Focus on the problem, not on the individual

65
Q

Assertiveness

A

behaving confidently based on respect for yourself and for others

66
Q

Integrity

A

Authentic, without pretense, sincere, taking responsibility for your feelings and actions.

67
Q

Insecure and avoidant attachment

A

higher risk of developing cardiovascular problems and other conditions that were especially painful

68
Q

Benefits of long-term relationships

A 
fewer doctor's visits
less depression and substance abuse
lower blood pressure
less anxiety
natural pain control
better stress management
fewer colds
faster healing
longer and happier life
69
Q

The biggest factor for reversing chronic disease

A

is changing your lifestyle

70
Q

___ of the 2 trillion medical care cost are due to chronic diseases

A

75%

71
Q

How much was spent on just heart disease?

A

448 billion

72
Q

Yearly, ____ is spent on obesity

A

$270 billion

73
Q

Costs associated with diabetes

A

$175 billion

indirect and direct

74
Q

What percent of deaths are related to chronic disease?

A

70%

75
Q

What disease had the smallest amount of money among the chronic diseases?

A

cancer

76
Q

Lack of sleep

A

“Sleep deprivation can result in cravings for sugary foods, thus leading to weight gain, can result in depression, anxiety, reduced cognitive functioning, and impaired memory.”

77
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

chronic hypertension, associated with aging

78
Q

Lung cancers

A

cause the most deaths in men and women

79
Q

Breast and prostate cancer

A

women have an 1/8 chance of developing, and 1/35 of dying from it

men = 1/6 develop, 1/35 die

80
Q

physical activity pyramid

A

gives the recommended amounts and types of physical activity according to the F.I.T.T. principles—frequency, intensity, time, and type

four levels = lifestyle, aerobic activity, strength/flexibility, inactivity

81
Q

Periodicity

A

interval, intermittent type exercise

82
Q

weight training or resistance

A

should be done twice a week

83
Q

Wellness programs

A

designed to help employees stay on the job, work more effectively, avoid absenteeism

84
Q

acupuncture

A

relieves pian, back pain, headaches, joint pain, neck pain

85
Q

chiropractor

A

“The basic premise of this form of health care is that proper alignment in the spine and musculoskeletal system promotes overall general health in the individual”

86
Q

Meridians

A

“Traditional Chinese Medicine focuses on 12 primary energy pathways that flow throughout the body.”

87
Q

Chi

A

flows through meridians. When it is blocked, individuals experience illness

88
Q

treatment for heat exhaustion

A

cease exercise, get into cool place, drink fluids.

apply cool wet towels to the body

89
Q

treating hypotherimia

A

cover them with warm blankets
get them out of the cold
warm liquids

Fall 2021 (5 decks)

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