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Fall 2021 > EXSC 221 Final > Flashcards

EXSC 221 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Stress that is exhilarating and personally fulfilling is called ________.

A

eustress

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2
Q

The fight-or-flight response is the term given to the response of the division of the autonomic nervous system called the ________.

A

sympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid in the body, is known as the

A

stress hormone

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4
Q

The allostatic load is a fairly recent discovery that describes how chronic stress ________.

A

can damage the individual

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5
Q

A depressed mood, sickness, and stress all share the same ________.

A

neural loop

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6
Q

The daily amount of caffeine that poses health problems is ________.

A

600 mg

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7
Q

The 5/4 definition applies to ________.

A

binge drinking

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8
Q

A baby may be born with heart defects, microcephaly, mental retardation, vision problems, or hearing problems because if the mother ________ while pregnant.

A

drank alcohol

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9
Q

While only 2–5 percent of the general adult population has this problem, it is estimated that 9 percent of college students have some sort of ________.

A

gambling-related addiction

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10
Q

The Alcoholics Anonymous twelve-step program maintains that ________.

A

recognizing a greater power that can give strength is a first step toward recovery

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11
Q

In women, 80 percent of HIV cases are due to ________.

A

high-risk heterosexual contact

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12
Q

Therapeutic abortion is done for which of the following reasons?

A

to preserve the woman’s physical or mental health

to terminate a pregnancy with a child with a fatal congenital disorder

to reduce the number of fetuses with multiple pregnancy to lessen health risks

to save the life of the pregnant woman

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13
Q

Medical abortion is accomplished ________.

A

with drugs

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14
Q

Which of the following might be defined as sexual harassment?

A

being forced to do something sexual

non-contact communication

electronic messages

being touched or grabbed

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15
Q

Of girls or women who are victims of sexual assault, 50 percent are ages ________.

A

12–24

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16
Q

Positive psychology focuses on ________.

A

mental wellness

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17
Q

Optimism is linked to good health in which way?

A

It helps strengthen the immune system.

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18
Q

What is most likely true if a person blames himself or herself for not being able to respond successfully?

A

He or she is prone to helplessness and poor self-esteem.

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19
Q

Depression may be a result of ________.

A

learned helplessness

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20
Q

People who develop many facets of their personalities ________.

A

exhibit self-complexity

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21
Q

In many cases, there are no cures for chronic illness unless ________.

A

lifestyle changes are made

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22
Q

A chronic disease is defined as ________.

A

that which develops over time and lasts a long time

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23
Q

Mental health is a state of well-being that includes the ________.

A

realization of one’s own abilities

capability to work productively

ability to cope with the normal stresses of life

ability to make contributions to society

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24
Q

The leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States is ________.

A

tobacco use

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25
Risk factors are those behaviors that lead to ________.
chronic disease
26
Physical activity is cathartic. This means that physical activity ________.
is therapeutic
27
The most popular recreational activity is ________.
bowling
28
Inactive leisure time is a ________.
precious time to be used wisely
29
Interval training is good for ________.
fat burning
30
A MET is a measure of ________.
the metabolic cost of an activity
31
Genes must be acted upon or they cannot act. This calls into question the concept of ________.
genetic determinism
32
When you blame someone or something, you are assuming that you have no ________.
choice to act
33
Comparing epigenetics to a computer, ________.
the DNA is like the hardware and the epigenome is like the software
34
Lifestyle medicine is most effective for treating ________.
chronic diseases
35
Antibiotic resistance has resulted from ________
the misuse and overuse of antibiotics
36
allostatsis
concept similar to homeostasis. It connotes stability through variability rather than stability through sameness.
37
Glucocorticoids
steroid hormones involved in glucose metabolism and made in the adrenal glands
38
Cortisol
“enhances the brain’s use of glucose and inhibits functions such as digestion, immune functioning, and other systems not required in the fight-or-flight response”
39
CRH and ACTH
CRH stimulates the brain to release ACTH. ACTH causes the adrenal gland to release cortisol
40
Epinephrine
increases blood pressure, heart rate, and energy supplies
41
Hormone
chemical messenger that regulates activities of cells
42
Endorphins
morphine-stimulating brain secretions that help to inhibit pain sensations
43
Psychoneuroimmunology
“A designation for the science that recognizes the interconnection between thoughts, feelings, and the responses of the body, particularly the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.”
44
Workplace stress
30% very stressed | 26% burned out by work
45
Logotherapy
“form of psychotherapy that focuses on the “will to meaning.” The underlying premise is that each human life has inherent meaning”
46
Autoimmune diseases caused by stress
rheumatoid arthritis | multiple sclerosis
47
Disorders connected to stress
depression, anxiety, heart attacks, stroke, hypertension
48
Immune system and stress
increase susceptibility to infections. Things like cold, herpes, cancers, AIDS.
49
neural loop
the same loop that is used to alert the body to infections or illness is the same loop used in the fight or flight response
50
Chronic stress and obesity
chronic stress sends glucose and fatty acids into the bloodstream stress eaters also tend to crave sweets and starchy foods rather than healthy foods
51
Addiction is a
reliance on substances such as drugs, alcohol, or tobacco. also includes processes or behaviors
52
Brain density and addiction
decreases
53
Brain plasticity
ability to rewire its connections in response to learning and experience. Heightened during adolescent
54
Adolescents and addiction
don't have a fully developed prefrontal cortex “teenagers may form stronger-held addictions, have a tougher time quitting drugs, and be more susceptible to relapse once they have quit”
55
Dopamine
causes the feeling of being high
56
tolerance
the more tolerance you build up, the more of the drug you need
57
“STDs are transmitted more frequently by ______, and they often have a more detrimental effect on ______
men, women
58
Bacterial STIs
treated with antibiotics Chlamydia, LGV, Gonorrhea, syphilis, pelvic inflammatory disease
59
Viral STIs
cannot be cured with antibiotics genital herpes HPV hepatitis B HIV/AIDs
60
HPV
``` most common genital or oral contact genital warts or cervical cancer 60% of college females 80% of all sexually active ```
61
Pelvic inflammatory disease
consequence of several STIs 40% of women who haven't been treated for other STIs causes permanent damage and infertility, ectopic pregnancies
62
Green exercise
any exercise that occurs outside
63
Renewable energy can be created from
kinetic energy`\
64
Conflict resolution
separate the individual from the behavior. Focus on the problem, not on the individual
65
Assertiveness
behaving confidently based on respect for yourself and for others
66
Integrity
Authentic, without pretense, sincere, taking responsibility for your feelings and actions.
67
Insecure and avoidant attachment
higher risk of developing cardiovascular problems and other conditions that were especially painful
68
Benefits of long-term relationships
``` fewer doctor's visits less depression and substance abuse lower blood pressure less anxiety natural pain control better stress management fewer colds faster healing longer and happier life ```
69
The biggest factor for reversing chronic disease
is changing your lifestyle
70
___ of the 2 trillion medical care cost are due to chronic diseases
75%
71
How much was spent on just heart disease?
448 billion
72
Yearly, ____ is spent on obesity
$270 billion
73
Costs associated with diabetes
$175 billion | indirect and direct
74
What percent of deaths are related to chronic disease?
70%
75
What disease had the smallest amount of money among the chronic diseases?
cancer
76
Lack of sleep
“Sleep deprivation can result in cravings for sugary foods, thus leading to weight gain, can result in depression, anxiety, reduced cognitive functioning, and impaired memory.”
77
Arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries chronic hypertension, associated with aging
78
Lung cancers
cause the most deaths in men and women
79
Breast and prostate cancer
women have an 1/8 chance of developing, and 1/35 of dying from it men = 1/6 develop, 1/35 die
80
physical activity pyramid
gives the recommended amounts and types of physical activity according to the F.I.T.T. principles—frequency, intensity, time, and type four levels = lifestyle, aerobic activity, strength/flexibility, inactivity
81
Periodicity
interval, intermittent type exercise
82
weight training or resistance
should be done twice a week
83
Wellness programs
designed to help employees stay on the job, work more effectively, avoid absenteeism
84
acupuncture
relieves pian, back pain, headaches, joint pain, neck pain
85
chiropractor
“The basic premise of this form of health care is that proper alignment in the spine and musculoskeletal system promotes overall general health in the individual”
86
Meridians
“Traditional Chinese Medicine focuses on 12 primary energy pathways that flow throughout the body.”
87
Chi
flows through meridians. When it is blocked, individuals experience illness
88
treatment for heat exhaustion
cease exercise, get into cool place, drink fluids. | apply cool wet towels to the body
89
treating hypotherimia
cover them with warm blankets get them out of the cold warm liquids

Fall 2021 (5 decks)

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