expressing reason Flashcards
A/V-거든(요)
because
•end of sentence. used to respond to a question or statement to provide the reason or thinking
•used in mid-sentence to express a conditional statement in casual conversation
•casual speaking
•can give a hint to the listener that the speaker has more to say.
- 거든요 = because ~imply personal preference that only speaker knows
- 니까요 = because ~explain a cause and effect
안나 씨는 저 식당에 자주 가는 것 같아요.
- 네. 가격이 싸고 음식이 맛있거든요. / 맛있니까요.
Anna seems to go to that restaurant often.
- Yes. The price is cheap and the food is delicious.
Anna has many friends.
- Because her personality is sociable.
안나 씨는 친구가 많네요.
- 성격이 사교적이거든요.
You look so excited.
- Yes, since I will go for traveling to France tomorrow.
되게 신나 보여요?
- 예, 내일 프랑스로 여행 가거든요.
A/V-잖아(요)
as you know, didn’t I told that
(1) remind listener about something that the listener has apparently forgotten
(2) rebuke listener for not following an advice OR for allowing something bad to happen after being warned
Once I got to know him, I realized that he was really a bad person.
- Look. What I did tell you. Didn’t I told that he seemed to be a bad person.
그 남자가 알고 보니 정말 나쁜 사람이었어.
- 그러 보자. 내가 뭐라고 했어. 그 사람 나쁜 사람 같다고 했잖아.
Mom, what should I do? I am going to be late for school
- Didn’t I told you to go sleeping early last night.
엄마, 어떻게 해요? 학교에 늦겠어요.
- 그래서 어제 일찍 자라고 했잖아.
I can’t read the novel I want to read because it’s sold out.
- You can borrow it from the library.
읽고 싶은 소설책이 다 팔려서 읽을 수가 없어요.
- 도서관에서 빌리면 되잖아요.
Please turn down the TV volume. It’s too loud.
텔레비전 소리 좀 줄여 주세요. 너무 시끄럽잖아요.
Mary is really good at Japanese.
- (As you know) Mary studied in Japan. Don’t you remember that she told us last time (we met).
마리 씨가 일본어를 정말 잘하네요.
- 마리 씨는 일본에서 공부했잖아요. 지난번에 마리 씨가 말했는데 생각 안나요?
V-느라고
because, due to
•give a reason for a negative consequence
•The subject in both clauses must be the same
Only Verbs that require the will of the subject or ‘a force of energy’ can precede -느라고
교통사고 나느라고 회사를 지각했어요. (Wrong)
The proposition and imperative forms can’t follow -느라고
V-느라고 can be used with 고생하다 and 수고하다 verbs.
노래를 부르느라고 노래방을 갑시다. (Wrong) / 노래를 부르러 노래방을 갑시다. (Correct)
Let’s go to karaoke to sing
야근하느라고 수고하셨어요.
Thank you for working overtime.
I couldn’t hear my friend calling because I was listening to music.
음악을 듣느라고 친구가 부르는 소리를 못 들었어요.
How is Suzy doing these days?
- She seems really busy due to preparing for the final exam.
요즘 수지 씨가 어떻게 지내요?
- 기말 시험 공부하느라고 정신이 없는 것 같아요.
V-는 바람에
because, as a result
•give an unexpected reason for a negative consequence
•Imperative and proposition forms can’t be used
Only verb can be precede -는 바람에. Adjectives must be turned into verbs using either A-아/어하다 or A-아/어지다
The 2nd clause must end in past tense.
날씨가 갑자기 추워진 바람에 감기가 걸렸어요. (not 추운 바람에).
The weather suddenly got cold, so I caught a cold.
비가 많이 오는 바람에 옷이 흠뻑 젖었어요. (not 젖어요.)
It rained a lot, so my clothes are all wet.
I was nodding on the bus and passed by the stop, so I was late.
버스에서 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다가 정류장을 지나치는 바람에 늦었어요.
I thought that athlete would win the gold medal. I wonder why he didn’t.
- He got a fall during the match, so he didn’t get the gold medal (as a result)
그 선수가 금메달을 딸 줄 알았는데 왜 못 땄지요?
- 경기를 하다가 넘어지는 바람에 금메달을 못 땄어요.
I hear that Andy is in the hospital.
- Yes, he got injured in a traffic accident and went to the hospital (as a result).
앤디 씨가 병원에 입원했다면서요?
- 네, 교통사고가 나는 바람에 다쳐서 병원에 입원했대요.
A/V-고 해서
so, because (among all)
•give the main reason among reasons for doing action
A/V-고 해서 can also be expressed in the other forms: N도 A/V-고 해서 and A/V-기도 하고 해서 with the same meaning.
날씨가 춥고 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요. /
날씨도 춥고 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요. /
날씨가 춥기도 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요. /
The weather was cold, so I went home early.
N도 A/V-고 N도 A/V-고 해서 or A/V-기도 하고 A/V-기도 하고 해서 are used to express two typical reasons among many for doing action.
머리가 아프고 잠깐 쉬고 싶기도 해서 공부하다가 텔레비전을 봤어요. /
머리가 아프기도 잠깐 쉬고 싶기도 해서 공부하다가 텔레비전을 봤어요.
I had a headache and wanted to rest for a while, so I watched TV while studying.
I heard you can’t attend the club meeting this time, right?
- Yes, I have to study and have part-time job (and among all), so I can’t go.
이 번 동아리 미팅에 못 간다면서요?
- 네, 아르바이트도 하고 공부도 해야 하고 해서 못 가요.
