expressing reason

Question 1

A/V-거든(요)

Answer 1

because
•end of sentence. used to respond to a question or statement to provide the reason or thinking
•used in mid-sentence to express a conditional statement in casual conversation
•casual speaking
•can give a hint to the listener that the speaker has more to say.

Question 2

• 거든요 = because ~imply personal preference that only speaker knows
• 니까요 = because ~explain a cause and effect

Answer 2

안나 씨는 저 식당에 자주 가는 것 같아요.
- 네. 가격이 싸고 음식이 맛있거든요. / 맛있니까요.
Anna seems to go to that restaurant often.
- Yes. The price is cheap and the food is delicious.

Question 3

Anna has many friends.
- Because her personality is sociable.

Answer 3

안나 씨는 친구가 많네요.
- 성격이 사교적이거든요.

Question 4

You look so excited.
- Yes, since I will go for traveling to France tomorrow.

Answer 4

되게 신나 보여요?
- 예, 내일 프랑스로 여행 가거든요.

Question 5

A/V-잖아(요)

Answer 5

as you know, didn’t I told that
(1) remind listener about something that the listener has apparently forgotten
(2) rebuke listener for not following an advice OR for allowing something bad to happen after being warned

Question 6

Once I got to know him, I realized that he was really a bad person.
- Look. What I did tell you. Didn’t I told that he seemed to be a bad person.

Answer 6

그 남자가 알고 보니 정말 나쁜 사람이었어.
- 그러 보자. 내가 뭐라고 했어. 그 사람 나쁜 사람 같다고 했잖아.

Question 7

Mom, what should I do? I am going to be late for school
- Didn’t I told you to go sleeping early last night.

Answer 7

엄마, 어떻게 해요? 학교에 늦겠어요.
- 그래서 어제 일찍 자라고 했잖아.

Question 8

I can’t read the novel I want to read because it’s sold out.
- You can borrow it from the library.

Answer 8

읽고 싶은 소설책이 다 팔려서 읽을 수가 없어요.
- 도서관에서 빌리면 되잖아요.

Question 9

Please turn down the TV volume. It’s too loud.

Answer 9

텔레비전 소리 좀 줄여 주세요. 너무 시끄럽잖아요.

Question 10

Mary is really good at Japanese.
- (As you know) Mary studied in Japan. Don’t you remember that she told us last time (we met).

Answer 10

마리 씨가 일본어를 정말 잘하네요.
- 마리 씨는 일본에서 공부했잖아요. 지난번에 마리 씨가 말했는데 생각 안나요?

Question 11

V-느라고

Answer 11

because, due to
•give a reason for a negative consequence
•The subject in both clauses must be the same

Question 12

Only Verbs that require the will of the subject or ‘a force of energy’ can precede -느라고

Answer 12

교통사고 나느라고 회사를 지각했어요. (Wrong)

Question 13

The proposition and imperative forms can’t follow -느라고

V-느라고 can be used with 고생하다 and 수고하다 verbs.

Answer 13

노래를 부르느라고 노래방을 갑시다. (Wrong) / 노래를 부르러 노래방을 갑시다. (Correct)
Let’s go to karaoke to sing

야근하느라고 수고하셨어요.
Thank you for working overtime.

Question 14

I couldn’t hear my friend calling because I was listening to music.

Answer 14

음악을 듣느라고 친구가 부르는 소리를 못 들었어요.

Question 15

How is Suzy doing these days?
- She seems really busy due to preparing for the final exam.

Answer 15

요즘 수지 씨가 어떻게 지내요?
- 기말 시험 공부하느라고 정신이 없는 것 같아요.

Question 16

V-는 바람에

Answer 16

because, as a result
•give an unexpected reason for a negative consequence
•Imperative and proposition forms can’t be used

Question 17

Only verb can be precede -는 바람에. Adjectives must be turned into verbs using either A-아/어하다 or A-아/어지다

The 2nd clause must end in past tense.

Answer 17

날씨가 갑자기 추워진 바람에 감기가 걸렸어요. (not 추운 바람에).
The weather suddenly got cold, so I caught a cold.

비가 많이 오는 바람에 옷이 흠뻑 젖었어요. (not 젖어요.)
It rained a lot, so my clothes are all wet.

Question 18

I was nodding on the bus and passed by the stop, so I was late.

Answer 18

버스에서 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다가 정류장을 지나치는 바람에 늦었어요.

Question 19

I thought that athlete would win the gold medal. I wonder why he didn’t.
- He got a fall during the match, so he didn’t get the gold medal (as a result)

Answer 19

그 선수가 금메달을 딸 줄 알았는데 왜 못 땄지요?
- 경기를 하다가 넘어지는 바람에 금메달을 못 땄어요.

Question 20

I hear that Andy is in the hospital.
- Yes, he got injured in a traffic accident and went to the hospital (as a result).

Answer 20

앤디 씨가 병원에 입원했다면서요?
- 네, 교통사고가 나는 바람에 다쳐서 병원에 입원했대요.

Question 21

A/V-고 해서

Answer 21

so, because (among all)
•give the main reason among reasons for doing action

Question 22

A/V-고 해서 can also be expressed in the other forms: N도 A/V-고 해서 and A/V-기도 하고 해서 with the same meaning.

Answer 22

날씨가 춥고 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요. /
날씨도 춥고 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요. /
날씨가 춥기도 해서 집에 일찍 돌아갔어요. /
The weather was cold, so I went home early.

Question 23

N도 A/V-고 N도 A/V-고 해서 or A/V-기도 하고 A/V-기도 하고 해서 are used to express two typical reasons among many for doing action.

Answer 23

머리가 아프고 잠깐 쉬고 싶기도 해서 공부하다가 텔레비전을 봤어요. /
머리가 아프기도 잠깐 쉬고 싶기도 해서 공부하다가 텔레비전을 봤어요.
I had a headache and wanted to rest for a while, so I watched TV while studying.

Question 24

I heard you can’t attend the club meeting this time, right?
- Yes, I have to study and have part-time job (and among all), so I can’t go.

Answer 24

이 번 동아리 미팅에 못 간다면서요?
- 네, 아르바이트도 하고 공부도 해야 하고 해서 못 가요.

Question 25

I got the scholarship (and among all), so I treated my friends to a meal.

Answer 25

장학금도 받고 해서 친구들에게 한턱냈어요.

Question 26

You are tired, why don’t you take a taxi?
- Well, there is a lot of traffic, so I think taking the subway is better.

Answer 26

피곤한데 택시 안 타요?
- 네, 길도 복잡하고 해서 지하철을 타는 게 좋겠어요.

Question 27

A/V/N-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에

Answer 27

due to, because
•give reason for negative consequence.

Question 28

Because I get a lot of stress, my health got bad.
- You should do favorite activities so that you can release your stress.

Answer 28

스트레스를 많이 받는 탓에 건강이 안 좋아졌어요.
- 스트레스를 풀 수 있도록 취미 생활을 해 보세요.

Question 29

I heard that Tony forgot to bring a document again today?
- Yes, it seems he often makes mistakes due to his hurried characteristic.

Answer 29

토니 씨가 오늘도 서류 하나를 빠뜨리고 왔다면서요?
- 네, 성격이 급한 탓에 실수가 잦은 것 같아요.

Question 30

My eyes are always tired because I use the computer a lot while working.

Answer 30

일을 하면서 컴퓨터를 많이 사용하는 탓에 늘 눈이 피로해요.

Question 31

A/V-ㄹ/을까 봐

Answer 31

be worried or afraid that someone/something would..
•express concern about something.

Question 32

I turned off my phone because I am worried that it could interrupt the class.

Answer 32

수업에 방해가 될까 봐 휴대폰을 꺼 놓았어요.

Question 33

You sure drink a lot of coffee.
- I am worried that I get sleepy during the meeting so I drink it. I can’t get sleepy.

Answer 33

커피를 많이 드시네요.
- 이따 회의 시간에 졸까 봐 마시는 거예요. 졸면 안 되잖아요.

Question 34

N 덕분에, A/V-(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에

Answer 34

thanks to
•express the reason for the positive result of an action or state
•can be replaced by 덕분으로

Question 35

V + 는 덕분에 is only used for daily repeated actions or obvious things, whereas V + (으)ㄴ 덕분에 is used for action or state completed in the past.

Answer 35

매일 연습하는 덕분에 토니의 한국어 실력은 날로 향상되고 있다.
Thanks to daily practice, Tony’s Korean skill is improving day by day.

열심히 공부한 덕분에 대학입학시험에 합격했어요.
Thanks to my hard work, I passed the college entrance exam.

Question 36

덕분이다 can also be used at the end of a sentence.

Answer 36

내가 잘된 것은 모두 네 덕분이다.
= 네 덕분에 내가 잘 되었다.
It’s all thanks to you that I did well

Question 37

Thanks to the Earth’s rotation, sunlight can be evenly distributed

Answer 37

지구가 자전하는 덕분에 햇빛이 고르게 분산될 수 있습니다.

Question 38

Thanks to reading a lot of comic books, my imagination became rich.

Answer 38

만화책을 많이 읽은 덕분에 내 상상력이 풍부해지었어요.

Question 39

I became a good person thanks to my family.

Answer 39

가족 덕분에 좋은 사람이 되었어요.