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Micro 6 > export_zoonotic bacteria ii > Flashcards

export_zoonotic bacteria ii Flashcards

1
Q

Borrelia features

A

Neither Gram-positive nor negative
Long spirochetes

Fastidious, microaerophilic

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2
Q

Borrelia disease

A 
Lyme disease
Relapsing fever (endemic or epidemic)
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3
Q

Species causing lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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4
Q

Lyme disease reservoirs

A

Mice

Deer

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5
Q

Lyme disease vector

A

Ixodes (hard tick)

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6
Q

Disease stages of lyme disease

A

Early stage 1
Early stage 2

Late, stage 3

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7
Q

Early stage 1 lyme disease

A

Localized infection
Bull’s-eye rash

Malaise, fever, headache, fatigue

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8
Q

Early stage 2

A

Disseminated infection
3-5 weeks after bite

Bacteremia, myalgia, cardiac dysfunction, signs consistent with meningitis/encephalitis

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9
Q

Late, stage 3 lyme disease

A

Persistent infection
Arthritis

One or more joints affected, skin discoloration, neuro complaints

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10
Q

Treat lyme disease

A

Doxycycline or amoxicillin

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11
Q

Types of relapsing fever

A

Epidemic

Endemic

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12
Q

Epidemic relapsing fever cause

A

Borrelia recurrentis

Louse-borne

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13
Q

Endemic relapsing fever cause

A

Borrelia hermsii

Tick-borne

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14
Q

Relapsing fever pathogenesis

A

Dissemination
Ag variation

Febrile and afebrile cycles

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15
Q

Difference between endemic and epidemic relapsing fever

A

Epidemic form is NOT a zoonotic disease

Transmission from human to human via louse

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16
Q

Relapsing fever symptoms

A

Chills, fever, headache
Hepatosplenomegaly

Several relapses may occur

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17
Q

Diagnose relapsing fever

A

Giemsa stained blood smear

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18
Q

Treatment for relapsing fever

A

Tetracycline or erythromycin

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19
Q

Rickettsia features

A

Very small Gram-negative coccobacilli

Obligate intracellular pathogen, facilitate uptake into host cells

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20
Q

Disease caused by Rickettsia that we need to know, and vector

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Dog tick

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21
Q

RMSF symptoms

A

Rash and fever

Pink, non-itchy lesions that become raised and spread to torso

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22
Q

RMSF untreated

A

DIC, pulmonary edema, renal failure, GI hemorrhage

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23
Q

RMSF treatment

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

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24
Q

Ehrlichiosis causative agents

A

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma

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25
Q

Ehrlichia features

A

Gram-negative, intracellular pathogens

Parasitize monocytes and granulocytes

26
Q

Two types of Ehrlichia

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Anaplasma phagocytophilium

27
Q

Disease caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)

28
Q

Disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilium

A

Human gradulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE)

“Anaplasmosis”

29
Q

HME vector

A

Lone Star Tick

30
Q

HME reservoir

A

White tailed deer

31
Q

HGE vector

A

Ixodes

32
Q

HGE reservoir

A

Variety of small mammals

33
Q

Ehrlichiosis disease

A

Most are asymptomatic or present as a non-specific viral illness

34
Q

Severe ehrlichiosis disease

A

Multisystem zoonosis
Malaise, fever, headache

Sometimes petechial rash

Respiratory distress, CNS dysfunction

35
Q

Diagnose ehrlichiosis

A

Serology

36
Q

Treat ehrlichiosis

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

37
Q

Query (Q) fever causative agent

A

Coxiella burnetii

38
Q

Coxiella burnetii features

A

Gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria
Obligate intracellular

Small-cell and large-cell variants

39
Q

Small-cell variants of Coxiella features

A

Resistant to high temperature, osmotic pressure, and UV light
Can survive in environment for months

40
Q

Q fever reservoirs

A

Farm animals, dogs, cats

41
Q

Forms of Q fever

A

Acute

Chronic

42
Q

Acute Q fever

A

1/2 asymptomatic
General “flu-like” disease

Fever, chills, malaise, headache

Pneumonia

43
Q

Chronic Q fever

A

Mainly as endocarditis or hepatitis

Acute signs general absent

44
Q

Treatment of Q fever

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

45
Q

Prevent Q fever

A

Inactivated, whole cell vaccine

46
Q

Bartonella features

A

Small, slightly curved, Gram-negative rods

47
Q

Diseases caused by Bartonella spp.

A 
Trench fever (Bartonella quintana)
Cat scratch fever (Bartonella henselae)
48
Q

Trench fever vector

A

Lice (feces)

49
Q

Trench fever disease

A

Relapsing fever, headache, dizziness

Not considered fatal

50
Q

Treat trench fever

A

Aminoglycoside (gentamycin) or macrolide (erythromycin)

51
Q

Cat scratch fever vector

A

Cat

Flea (feces)

52
Q

Cat scratch fever disease

A

Fever
Lymphadenopathy

Papule at site of inoculation

53
Q

Treat cat scratch fever

A

Generally not needed

If needed, azithromycin is recommended

54
Q

RMSF rash

A

Centripetal spread

55
Q

Trench fever rash

A

None

56
Q

Q fever rash

A

None

57
Q

Cat scratch fever rash

A

Papule at site of inoculation

58
Q

Ehrlichiosis rash

A

~33%

59
Q

Malaria fever

A

Every 2-3 days

Lasts 24 hours

60
Q

Brucellosis fever

A

Daily

Fever recurrence in the evening

61
Q

Relapsing fever fever

A

Every 7-10 days

Lasts 7-10 days

Micro 6 (9 decks)

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