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Micro 6 > export_sst and muscle parasites and arthropods > Flashcards

export_sst and muscle parasites and arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

Three clinical presentations of leishmaniasis

A

Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous

Visceral

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2
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis organisms

A

L. major
L. tropica

L. mexicana

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3
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis presentation

A

Raised, dry, crusted lesions

Self-limited

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4
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis organisms

A

L. braziliensis

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5
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis presentation

A

Initially as a typical cutaneous lesion

Months/years later ulceration occurs

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6
Q

Onchocerca volvulus vector

A

Black fly

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7
Q

Onchocerca volvulus disease

A

River blindness

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8
Q

Onchocerca volvulus features

A

Filarial nematodes

Microfilariae

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9
Q

River blindness symptoms

A

Migrating and dying microfilariae induce an intense “itching” reaction
Sclerosing keratitis and blindness

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10
Q

Treat river blindness

A

Ivermectin

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11
Q

Mansonella spp. features

A

Filarial nematode

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12
Q

Mansonella spp. vector

A

Infected midge

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13
Q

Mansonella spp. symptoms

A

Most are asymptomatic

Can cause itching, edema, and joint pain

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14
Q

Mansonella spp. diagnosis

A

Observing microfilaria on blood smears

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15
Q

Dracunculus medinensis features

A

Largest tissue dwelling nematode

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16
Q

Dracunculus medinensis life cycle

A

Ingestion of infected water
Larvae penetrate intestine and travel to subcutaneous tissue

Females cause a blister, lay eggs, and release microfilariae into water

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17
Q

Dracunculus medinensis disease

A

Dracunculosis

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18
Q

Diagnose dracunculosis

A

Symptoms

“Wash out” microfilariae from ulcer

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19
Q

Treat dracunculosis

A

Wind worm out on stick

Slowly; if you break the worm, you will elicit an anaphylactic reaction

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20
Q

Cutaneous larval migrans causative agent

A

Ancylostoma (hookworms) that normally infect dogs or cats

21
Q

Ancylostoma organisms that cause cutaneous larval migrans

A

A. braziliense

A. canium

22
Q

Cutaneous larval migrans symptoms

A

Intense inflammatory reaction from larval secretions

23
Q

Scabies causative agent

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

24
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei features

A

Small, roundish, eight-legged arthropods

25
Q

Scabies symptoms

A

Superficial dermatitis
Itching, starting at hands then progress to arms, trunk, etc.

Raised, cutaneous tracts where mites have burrowed

26
Q

Scabies hyperinfection

A

Thousands of mites
Results in Norwegian (crusted) scabies

Crusted lesions on hands, feet, and body

27
Q

Diagnose scabies

A

Observing adult mites at end of burrows

28
Q

Treat scabies

A

Topical formulations to resolve infection
Treat all household members

Meticulous cleaning of clothing and linens

29
Q

Lice disease

A

Pediculosis

30
Q

Lice features

A

Obligate, blood-feeding (sucking) ectoparasites

Wingless, six-legged, flattened insects

31
Q

Lice organisms

A

Pediculus humanus - body louse
Pediculus capitis - head louse

Phthirus pubis - crab louse

32
Q

Head lice features

A

Attached to hair on head
Spreads easily

Bites localized behind ears and back of neck

33
Q

Body lice features

A

Usually found clothing

Will move to body for a blood meal, then back to clothing

34
Q

Crab lice features

A

Spreads via sexual contact

Inhabit the hairs of the pubic and perianal region

35
Q

Nits

A

Eggs laid by female lice, attached to hair shafts

36
Q

Diagnose lice

A

Identification of lice or eggs in hair or seams of garments

37
Q

Treat lice

A

Dusts, shampoos, lotions, and creams available
Retreat a second time

Linens should be cleaned thoroughly

38
Q

Myiasis causative agent

A

Dermatobia hominis (human botfly)

39
Q

Myiasis transmission

A

Botfly lays eggs on mosquito

Mosquito bites you and transmits eggs into subQ

40
Q

Trichinosis causative agents

A

Trichinella spiralis

41
Q

Trichinosis disease

A

Infection in muscle

42
Q

Trichinosis transmission

A

Undercooked pork, etc.

Ingestion of eggs, larvae migrate to muscle, encysts (“nurse-cell”)

43
Q

Trichinosis symptoms

A

Early phase - intestinal problems (diarrhea, abdominal pain)

Migration phase - fever, chills, eosinophilia, muscle pain

44
Q

Diagnose trichinosis

A

Difficult to observe

Presence of eosinophilia, elevated muscle enzyme levels, dietary history

45
Q

Loiasis causative agent

A

Loa loa

46
Q

Loiasis disease

A

Eye worm

47
Q

Lung fluke causative agent

A

Paragonimus westermani

48
Q

Lung fluke transmission

A

Ingestion of fresh water crabs or crayfish

49
Q

Lung fluke symptoms

A

Blood-tinged sputum
Fibrotic cyst wall forms, lung abscesses can occur

“Rusty sputum”

Micro 6 (9 decks)

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