Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbio Exam 1 > export_microbial metabolism > Flashcards

export_microbial metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of metabolic differences in bacteria

A

Can distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes for development of antibacterial therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Binary fission

A

An exact copy of the genome is made and a single cell divides into two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Typical growth curve

A

Lag phase
Exponential phase

Stationary phase

Decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lag phase

A

Building up metabolites, but no division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exponential phase

A

Actively dividing

2 -> 4 -> 8 -> 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stationary phase

A

Out of materials for divisions, spores are being formed in this stage (Gram positive ONLY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Decline

A

The bacteria begin to die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial biosynthesis

A

Nucleic acids and proteins

Peptidoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Factors that affect bacterial growth in culture

A

pH optimum
Aerobic vs. anaerobic

Nutrients/composition of media

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Groups based on metabolic properties

A

How it deals with oxygen

Energy source of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aerobe

A

Exclusively utilizes respiration to meet energy needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anaerobe

A

Exclusively uses fermentation to meet energy needs

Oxygen kills this bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Can respire or ferment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Microaerophilic

A

Grows best at low O2, but can grow without O2 as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aerobic bacteria against ROS

A

Catalase (H2O2)

SOD (detox O2-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bacterial energy production efficiency

A

Aerobic (most efficient)
Anaerobic

Ferment (least efficient)

17
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

O2 is the terminal electron acceptor

18
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Inorganic molecules are terminal electron acceptors

19
Q

Fermentation

A

Fermentable substrate is final electron acceptor

20
Q

Fermentation process

A

Pyruvate is converted to various end products

Bacteria can be identified by these products

21
Q

Antibiotic targeting based on bacterial metabolism

A

Cell wall synthesis
DNA replication

RNA synthesis

Antimetabolites

Protein synthesis

22
Q

Nucleic acid synthesis targeting

A

These are needed for DNA and RNA, as well as ATP and GTP
Needed for NAD, FAD, CoA, UDP-glucose, and cAMP/cGMP

Folate needed for purines and thymidines

23
Q

Folate targeting in bacteria

A

Folate derived from PABA

Inhibiting folate synthesis is selective to bacteria since we get folic acid from our diet

24
Q

DNA replication targeting

A

Bacterial DNA gyrase needed for unwinding/winding DNA - target of quinolones

25
Q

Structure of peptidoglycan

A

Meshlike layer
Pentaglycine bridges sometimes used to aid in cross-linking (Gram positive only)

Peptide cross-linking occurs between terminal D-Ala from one chain to Lys (or other diamino a.a.) from other chain

26
Q

Step one of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

Carbohydrate subunits activated (NAG and NAM) with UDP in the cytoplasm

27
Q

Step two of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

A pentapeptide is added to NAM-UDP

L-Ala (varies) - D-Glu (varies) - L-Lys (diamino a.a.) - D-Ala - D-Ala

28
Q

Step three of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

UDP-NAM-pentapetide attached to bactoprenol through pyrophosphate link, UMP released

29
Q

Step four of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

NAG added to NAM-pentapeptide-bactoprenol complex

30
Q

Step five of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

Bactoprenol (carrier protein) transport NAG-NAM pentapeptide repeat until across membrane

31
Q

Step six of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

Disaccharide unit attached to end of growing peptidoglycan chain by transglycosylases

32
Q

Step seven of peptidoglycan synthesis

A

Pyrophosphobactoprenol is converted back to phosphobactoprenol and recycled

33
Q

Transpeptidation

A

Occurs between free amine of diamino amino acid (third a.a. in chain) and D-Ala in the fourth position of another peptide chain, releasing D-Ala precursor
Occurs on outer leaflet

34
Q

Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP)

A

Transpeptidases

Targets for penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics

Microbio Exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions