export_gi viral infection i

Question 1

Hepatitis definition and presentations

Answer 1

Inflammation of the liver
Acute

Chronic

Fulminant

Question 2

Symptoms of acute hepatitis

Answer 2

Jaundice
Dark urine

Alcoholic stool (light or clay-colored)

Prodrome (headache, myalgia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting)

Question 3

Acute hepatitis biochemistry

Answer 3

Elevated bilirubin levels, ALT, AST

Question 4

Chronic hepatitis

Answer 4

6 months+ of disease

Predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

Question 5

Fulminant hepatitis

Answer 5

Rapid and severe
Massive hepatic necrosis

Encephalopathy

Edema

Question 6

Hepatitis A virus family

Answer 6

Picornavirus

+ssRNA

Question 7

Hepatitis A transmission

Answer 7

Fecal-oral route

Question 8

Hepatitis A incubation and resolution

Answer 8

~28 days

Resolves usually within 2 months

Question 9

Hepatitis A diagnosis

Answer 9

IgM and IgG Abs against HAV

Question 10

Hepatitis A prevention

Answer 10

Inactivated vaccine
IM injection - 2 doses

Vaccination for all infants recommended

Question 11

Hepatitis B particles

Answer 11

Tubes and spheres (non-infectious, but diagnostic)
Dane particles (virions)

Question 12

Hepatitis B family

Answer 12

Hepadnavirus

Partial dsDNA

Question 13

Hepatitis B serology

Answer 13

Viral Ag and anti-HBV Abs are used for diagnosis

Presence of HBsAg within the blood is a marker for active infection

Question 14

What markers would be found in someone with acute Hepatitis B?

Answer 14

HBsAg

IgG and IgM anti-HBc

Question 15

What markers would be found in someone with chronic Hepatitis B?

Answer 15

HBsAg

Only IgG anti-HBc

Question 16

What markers would be found in someone vaccinated for Hepatitis B?

Answer 16

Anti-HBsAg

Question 17

What markers would be found in someone previously infected with Hepatitis B?

Answer 17

Anti-HBsAg

Only IgG anti-HBc

Question 18

Hepatitis B treatment

Answer 18

None for acute

Lamivudine, Famcylovir, IFN-alpha for chronic

Question 19

Hepatitis B prevention

Answer 19

Recombinant vaccine of purified HBsAg protein
IM injection

Recommended for all infants

Question 20

Hepatitis C family

Answer 20

Flavivirus
Enveloped

+ssRNA

Question 21

Hepatitis C diagnosis

Answer 21

Anti-HCV Abs

PCR for viral genome

Question 22

Sofosbuvir

Answer 22

Anti-viral used in treatment of several Hepatitis C genotypes
RdRp inhibitor

Question 23

Hepatitis C prevention

Answer 23

No vaccine available

Reduce high risk behaviors

Question 24

Hepatitis D family

Answer 24

Deltavirus

Circular ssRNA

Question 25

Limitation of Hepatitis D virus

Answer 25

Helper-dependent virus

Requires HBsAg, so can only affect people who have been previously affected, or co-infected, with HBV

Question 26

Hepatitis D disease

Answer 26

More likely to cause fulminant hepatitis

Only Hepatitis virus that causes direct damage to hepatocytes

Question 27

Hepatitis D diagnosis

Answer 27

ELISA

Question 28

Hepatitis D prevention

Answer 28

Vaccines against HBV, since it is required for HDV infection

Question 29

Hepatitis E family

Answer 29

Herpevirus

+ssRNA

Question 30

Hepatitis E transmission

Answer 30

Fecal-oral

Question 31

Hepatitis E mortality rate

Answer 31

Higher in pregnant women

Question 32

Hepatitis E treatment

Answer 32

Alleviate symptoms

Question 33

HBV Chronic Infection Risk: Young vs. Old

Answer 33

younger you are = more likely you will develop chronic infection
older you are = less likely you will develop chronic infection

Question 34

Main mechanism of HBV damages to liver cells?

Answer 34

CTL mediated hepatocyte destruction