export_gi viral infection i Flashcards
Hepatitis definition and presentations
Inflammation of the liver
Acute
Chronic
Fulminant
Symptoms of acute hepatitis
Jaundice
Dark urine
Alcoholic stool (light or clay-colored)
Prodrome (headache, myalgia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting)
Acute hepatitis biochemistry
Elevated bilirubin levels, ALT, AST
Chronic hepatitis
6 months+ of disease
Predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis
Fulminant hepatitis
Rapid and severe
Massive hepatic necrosis
Encephalopathy
Edema
Hepatitis A virus family
Picornavirus
+ssRNA
Hepatitis A transmission
Fecal-oral route
Hepatitis A incubation and resolution
~28 days
Resolves usually within 2 months
Hepatitis A diagnosis
IgM and IgG Abs against HAV
Hepatitis A prevention
Inactivated vaccine
IM injection - 2 doses
Vaccination for all infants recommended
Hepatitis B particles
Tubes and spheres (non-infectious, but diagnostic) Dane particles (virions)
Hepatitis B family
Hepadnavirus
Partial dsDNA
Hepatitis B serology
Viral Ag and anti-HBV Abs are used for diagnosis
Presence of HBsAg within the blood is a marker for active infection
What markers would be found in someone with acute Hepatitis B?
HBsAg
IgG and IgM anti-HBc
What markers would be found in someone with chronic Hepatitis B?
HBsAg
Only IgG anti-HBc
What markers would be found in someone vaccinated for Hepatitis B?
Anti-HBsAg
What markers would be found in someone previously infected with Hepatitis B?
Anti-HBsAg
Only IgG anti-HBc
Hepatitis B treatment
None for acute
Lamivudine, Famcylovir, IFN-alpha for chronic
Hepatitis B prevention
Recombinant vaccine of purified HBsAg protein
IM injection
Recommended for all infants
Hepatitis C family
Flavivirus
Enveloped
+ssRNA
Hepatitis C diagnosis
Anti-HCV Abs
PCR for viral genome
Sofosbuvir
Anti-viral used in treatment of several Hepatitis C genotypes
RdRp inhibitor
Hepatitis C prevention
No vaccine available
Reduce high risk behaviors
Hepatitis D family
Deltavirus
Circular ssRNA
Limitation of Hepatitis D virus
Helper-dependent virus
Requires HBsAg, so can only affect people who have been previously affected, or co-infected, with HBV
Hepatitis D disease
More likely to cause fulminant hepatitis
Only Hepatitis virus that causes direct damage to hepatocytes
Hepatitis D diagnosis
ELISA
Hepatitis D prevention
Vaccines against HBV, since it is required for HDV infection
Hepatitis E family
Herpevirus
+ssRNA
Hepatitis E transmission
Fecal-oral
Hepatitis E mortality rate
Higher in pregnant women
Hepatitis E treatment
Alleviate symptoms
HBV Chronic Infection Risk: Young vs. Old
younger you are = more likely you will develop chronic infection
older you are = less likely you will develop chronic infection
Main mechanism of HBV damages to liver cells?
CTL mediated hepatocyte destruction
