export_gi cestodes parasites iii

Question 1

Three basic structures of adult tapeworms

Answer 1

Scolex - the rounded head of the worm (hooks/suckers)
“Neck” - the area from which new body segments are generated

Body (strobila) - long, segmented structure; individual segments are called proglottids

Question 2

Which cestodes are adults in the human small intestine?

Answer 2

Taenia saginata
Taenia solium

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 3

Which cestodes are larvae in various tissues of the human?

Answer 3

Echinococcus granulosus

Taenia solium

Question 4

Taenia saginata disease

Answer 4

Beef tapeworm

Question 5

Taenia saginata transmission

Answer 5

Ingestion of undercooked beef with cysticerci

Question 6

Taenia saginata infection

Answer 6

Humans generally infected with one worm

Can reach 10-30 ft, and live up to 25 years

Question 7

Symptoms of Taenia saginata

Answer 7

Generally asymptomatic

Mild abdominal pain, feeling of fullness

Question 8

Characteristics of Taenia saginata

Answer 8

Four suckers, no hooks

Question 9

Taenia saginata diagnosis

Answer 9

Identification of proglottids or eggs in stool

Question 10

Taenia solium disease

Answer 10

Pork tapeworm

Question 11

Taenia solium transmission

Answer 11

Ingestion of undercooked pork containing cysts

Question 12

Taenia solium extra-intestinal infection

Answer 12

Larvae hatch in intestines, then spread via circulation

Cysticercus creates a lesion that induces local inflammation - neurocysticercosis

Question 13

Taenia solium diagnosis

Answer 13

Detection of proglottids or eggs in stool (intestinal)

CT scan, MRI, serology (extra-intestinal infection)

Question 14

Characteristics of Taenia solium

Answer 14

Four suckers, hooks present

Question 15

Diphyllobothrium latum disease

Answer 15

Fish tapeworm

Question 16

Diphyllobothrium latum transmission

Answer 16

Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish containing infectious larvae

Question 17

Diphyllobothrium latum symptoms

Answer 17

Asymptomatic and mild
Transient nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Can result in intestinal obstruction

Can lead to macrocytic anemia

Question 18

Diphyllobothrium latum diagnosis

Answer 18

Eggs in stool

Question 19

Echinococcus granulosus disease

Answer 19

Dog tapeworm

Question 20

Echinococcus granulosus transmission

Answer 20

Humans are an accidental host

Exposure to dog feces

Question 21

Hydatid cyst

Answer 21

Formed by Echinococcus granulosus
Larvae secrete a hyaline membrane in the tissue they infect

Cysts can rupture, releasing a large amount of Ag, which can induce an anaphylactic response

Question 22

Echinococcus granulosus diagnosis

Answer 22

Presence of cyst, consistent history

Question 23

Trematodes disease

Answer 23

Flukes

Question 24

Fasciolopsis buski disease

Answer 24

Intestinal flukes

Question 25

Fasciolopsis buski life cycle

Answer 25

Ingesting water or plants with encysted cercariae attached, travel to small intestine, excysting occurs, attaching to columnar epithelium and mature to egg-laying adults (hemaphroditic)

Question 26

Symptoms of light infection of Fasciolopsis buski

Answer 26

Focal inflammation, intermittent diarrhea

Question 27

Symptoms of heavy infection of Fasciolopsis buski

Answer 27

Continuous diarrhea, intestinal hemorrhage, ulceration, abscess formation

Question 28

Diagnose Fasciolopsis buski

Answer 28

Eggs in stool

Question 29

Fasciolopsis buski transmission

Answer 29

Snails are the vector, fecal-oral route

Question 30

Fasciola hepatica disease

Answer 30

Liver flukes

Question 31

Clonorchis sinensis disease

Answer 31

Liver flukes

Question 32

Liver flukes (F. hepatica) transmission

Answer 32

Ingestion of affected aquatic plants

Question 33

Liver flukes (C. sinensis) transmission

Answer 33

Ingestion of underprepared fresh water fish

Question 34

Liver flukes symptoms

Answer 34

Migration through liver results in hepatomegaly, tenderness, fever, eosinophilia, jaundice

Question 35

Diagnose liver flukes

Answer 35

Eggs in stool