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Microbio Exam 7 > export_cns zoonotic viruses > Flashcards

export_cns zoonotic viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonoses

A

Diseases of invertebrate animals that can be transmitted to man

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2
Q

Arboviral disease

A

Involves an insect vector for transmission

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3
Q

Arbovirus examples

A

Flaviviruses - West Nile, St. Louis and Japanese encephalitis
Togaviruses - Eastern, Western, Venezuelan equine encephalitis

Bunyaviruses - LaCrosse encephalitis

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4
Q

Viruses transmitted to humans directly from other mammals

A

Rhabdoviruses - rabies

Arenaviruses - lymphocytic choriomeningitis

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5
Q

Flaviviruses transmission

A

All by mosquitos

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6
Q

West Nile Virus (WNV) reservoirs

A

Birds serve as reservoirs

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7
Q

WNV symptoms

A

Most infections are mild and clinically unapparent
Some develop West Nile fever (3-6 days of symptoms)

Sudden onset of febrile illness (malaise, nausea, vomiting, rash)

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8
Q

WNV in the CNS

A

Primarily affect elderly
Encephalitis and meningitis

Fever, headache, weakness, GI disturbances, may progress to coma and paralysis

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9
Q

Diagnose WNV

A

Adults >50 years old who suddenly develop encephalitis or meningitis in summer/early fall

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10
Q

WNV treatment

A

Supportive

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11
Q

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE) disease

A

Major cause of arbovirus encephalitis

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12
Q

SLE transmission

A

Birds are reservoir

Humans get it from Culex mosquitoes

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13
Q

SLE symptoms

A

Sudden onset
Fever with headache (mild)

Headaches, high fever, stiff neck, coma, tremors, spastic paralysis (severe)

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14
Q

SLE diagnosis

A

Confirmed via serology

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15
Q

SLE treatment

A

Supportive

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16
Q

Japanese encephalitis virus disease

A

Leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia

Birds and livestock are reservoirs

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17
Q

Togaviruses transmission

A

Horses are a major reservoir

Transmitted via mosquito bite

18
Q

Togaviruses diseases

A

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
Western equine encephalitis (WEE)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)

19
Q

EEE symptoms

A

Sudden onset of fever, muscle pain, and headache

Many progress to seizures/coma

20
Q

WEE symptoms

A

Most people are asymptomatic or mild

May have sudden onset fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, malaise

21
Q

VEE symptoms

A

Most infections are symptomatic

Fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, may progress to encephalitis

22
Q

LaCrosse encephalitis (LAC) virus transmission

A

Arbovirus

Transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes

23
Q

LAC symptoms

A

Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting

Severe disease can lead to seizures, coma, paralysis

24
Q

Rhabdovirus transmission

A

Through infected saliva via bites (dogs, bats)

25
Q

Rabies lifecycle

A

Inoculation, local proliferation, enters PNS, travels to CNS, dissemination

26
Q

Rabies symptoms

A

During cerebral infection, behavioral changes occur (anxiety, confusion, agitation, hallucination)
Hydrophobia is a classic sign

Coma and death

27
Q

Rabies prevention

A

Vaccination of animals and high risk individuals

28
Q

Rabies diagnosis

A

Disease in animals can be confirmed post-mortem by the presence of Negri bodies

29
Q

Arenavirus CNS disease

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

30
Q

LCMV reservoirs

A

Rodent-borne virus

31
Q

LCMV symptoms

A

Most infections are asymptomatic or produce a mild febrile illness
Can cause aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis

32
Q

LCMV transmission

A

Inhaling infectious aerosolized particles of rodent urine, feces, or saliva
Most common is the common house mouse

33
Q

LCMV symptoms

A

Febrile illness
Biphasic - 1 week of fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, remission for a few days, then second phase of disease (meningitis or encephalitis)

34
Q

Prions diseases

A

Slow developing neurodegenerative diseases, thought to be caused by a family of viruses known as “slow viruses”

35
Q

Human spongiform encephalopathis

A

Kuru
CJD

GSS

FFI

36
Q

Prion features

A

Lack nucleic acid

Consists of protease, heat and chemically resistant hydrophobic glycoprotein (PrP)

37
Q

PrPc

A

Normal cellular prion-related protein

Extended conformation containing numerous alpha-helices

38
Q

PrPSc

A

Infectious form of PrPc

Globular conformation with beta-pleated sheets

39
Q

Theory for Prion replication

A

PrPSc binds to PrPc on cell surface
Induces conversion to PrPSc

Cycle repeats

Aggregates form, internalized by neurons

40
Q

Symptoms of Prion infiltration to CNS

A

Neuronal vacuolization
Astrocyte and glial cell proliferation

Amyloid plaques

41
Q

Prions clincal syndromes

A

Slow, progressive neurological degeneration
Very long incubation period

Death ensues rapidly (months)

42
Q

Prion diagnosis

A

Postmortem histological examination

Microbio Exam 7 (9 decks)

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