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Micro 5 > export_circulatory viruses ii and cmv > Flashcards

export_circulatory viruses ii and cmv Flashcards

1
Q

CMV virus family and features

A

Herpesvirus
Enveloped, dsDNA

Latency occurs in monocytes

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2
Q

Diagnose CMV

A

Detection of viral DNA or virus culture from diseased tissue

Seroconversion

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3
Q

First line treatment of CMV

A

Gancyclovir

Valgancyclovir

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4
Q

Second line treatment of CMV

A

Cidofivir

Foscarnet

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5
Q

Gancyclovir

A

Converted to viral polymerase inhibitor by CMV enzymes

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6
Q

Valgancyclovir

A

Converted into gancyclovir within body, increases bioavailability

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7
Q

Cidofivir

A

Converted into viral polymerase inhibitor by cellular enzymes
More toxic than Gancyclovir

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8
Q

Foscarnet

A

Direct inhibitor of CMV polymerase

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9
Q

Mono-like illness

A

Caused by CMV
Fever, fatigue, abnormal T cells

Pharyngitis that is non-exudative (unlike in mono)

NO heterophile Ab production

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10
Q

Cytomegalic inclusion body disease

A

Congenital disease most often caused by mother contracting a primary infection during pregnancy

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11
Q

Symptoms of cytomegalic inclusion body disease

A

Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice

Petechiae/rash

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12
Q

Which viral pathogen is most common in complicating organ transplants

A

CMV

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13
Q

Prevention of CMV infection in immunocompromised patients

A

Donor matching
Prophylaxis or preemptive therapy with antivirals

CMV Ig

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14
Q

Myocarditis features

A

More common in adult men
May mimic MI

Most commonly associated with viral infection

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15
Q

Diagnose viral myocarditis

A

CHF with unknown origin
CXR, ECG

Biopsy - NAAT

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16
Q

Treatment for viral myocarditis

A

Manage symptoms of CHF and arrhythmias

17
Q

Mumps symptoms

A

Swollen, tender parotid glands

Malaise/anorexia

18
Q

Mumps virus family and features

A

Paramyxoviridae
-ssRNA

One serotype

19
Q

Diagnose mumps

A

Parotid gland swelling for several days with no other apparent cause
Assays and serological tests are available

20
Q

Treatment of mumps

A

Uncomplicated cases typically resolve within 10 days

21
Q

Mumps prevention

A

Live attenuated vaccine

Part of the MMR and MMRV vaccine combinations

22
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma cutaneous lesions

A

Pink, purple, brown in color
Usually non-painful

Can become confluent

Increased proliferation of endothelial cells

23
Q

Histological features of Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Spindle morphology of cells

24
Q

Four forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Classic
Endemic

Transplant-related

AIDS-related

25
Q

Classic KS

A

Rare
Few lesions

Rarely life-threatening

26
Q

Endemic KS

A

Can present like classic KS

Can be aggressive and is fatal within 3 years

27
Q

Transplant-related KS

A

Occurs when individuals are experiencing immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplant
Lesions often resolve when immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued

28
Q

AIDS-related KS

A

Often more widespread lesions than other KS forms
May include other symptoms (lymphadenopathy, fever, etc.)

Often fatal when lung involvement occurs

29
Q

Human Herpes virus 8 (HHV-8)

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
Enveloped, dsDNA

Latent in KS lesions

30
Q

HHV-8 transmission

A

Sexually contact
Needle sharing

Only small percentage of people will progress to KS

31
Q

Treatment for HHV-8

A

Herpes antivirals are NOT effective because it’s in latent stage
Chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery

32
Q

Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL)

A

Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly

Hypercalcemia

Skin infiltration

33
Q

ATL diagnostic feature

A

Flower cells

34
Q

Diagnose ATL

A

Abs to Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1)

35
Q

HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM)

A

Demyelination of neurons within the spinal cord

Likely autoimmune

36
Q

HTLV-1 features

A

Infects CD4 and CD8 cells
Retrovirus

Enveloped, +ssRNA

37
Q

HTLV-1 treatment

A

Combined chemotherapy, though it has limited effectiveness

Micro 5 (8 decks)

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