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Micro 5 > export_circulatory parasites > Flashcards

export_circulatory parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Organism that causes African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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2
Q

Vector for Trypanosoma brucei

A

Tsetse fly

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3
Q

Early stage of sleeping sickness

A

Organisms in blood and peripheral lymph nodes

Fever, myalgia, chills, lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

Late stage of sleeping sickness

A

Invasion of CNS

Headaches, seizures, tremors, encephalitis, coma, death

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5
Q

Diagnose sleeping sickness

A

Detection of parasites in blood smears, lymph node aspirates, or CSF

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6
Q

Trypanosoma brucei immune evasion

A

Ag variation

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7
Q

Organism that causes Chagas’ disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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8
Q

Vector for Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Reduvid bug

Transmitted by fecal material

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9
Q

First sign of Chagas’ disease

A

Romana’s sign - development of chagoma

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10
Q

Acute phase of Chagas’ disease

A

Fever, malaise, myalgia, hepatosplenomegaly

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11
Q

Indeterminate (asymptomatic) phase of Chagas’ disease

A

Few parasites in blood, but high level of Ab

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12
Q

Chronic stage of Chagas’ disease

A

Infection of cardiac muscle/myenteric plexus

Cardiac and GI involvement

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13
Q

Diagnose Chagas’ disease

A

Parasites in peripheral blood (acute)

Serology (chronic)

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14
Q

Organisms that cause visceral Leishmaniasis

A

L. donovani
L. infantum

L. chagasi

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15
Q

Vector for Leishmaniasis

A

Female sand flies

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16
Q

Visceral Leishmaniasis disseminates in which system?

A

Reticuloendothelial (liver, spleen, bone marrow, etc.)

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17
Q

Initial presentation of Leishmaniasis

A

Low grade, irregular fever

Most infections are asymptomatic and resolve

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18
Q

Symptoms of full-blown Leishmaniasis

A

Fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly

Systemic immunosuppression, opportunistic infections

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19
Q

What does resolution of Leishmaniasis depend on, and why?

A

CMI via gamma-IFN activation of macrophages, because only intracellular forms of the pathogen (amastigotes) are found in infected individuals

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20
Q

Organisms causing malaria

A

Plasmodium spp.

21
Q

What four spp. of Plasmodium cause malaria in humans?

A

P. falciparum
P. vivax

P. malariae

P. ovale

First two are most common

22
Q

Vector for malaria transmission

A

Mosquitos

23
Q

Characteristic clinical feature of malaria

A

Malarial paroxysm - release of merozoites and hemolysis

Flu-like symptoms

24
Q

Duration and pattern of paroxysm based on organism (malaria)

A

P. vivax, ovale, and falciparum - 48 hours

P. malariae - 72 hours

25
Q

Three stages of malaria

A 
Cold stage (15-60 mins)
Hot stage (2-6 hours)

Sweat stage (8-12 hours)

26
Q

Most common complication of malaria

A

Anemia

RBC lysis, suppression of erythropoiesis, destruction of RBCs by spleen

27
Q

Targets of each malaria organism

A

P. falciparum - both young and mature RBCs
P. vivax - young RBCs, must bear Duffy Ag

P. ovale - young RBCs, Duffy positive or negative

P. malariae - older RBCs

28
Q

Which malaria organism causes the most severe anemia?

A

P. falciparum

29
Q

Which malaria organisms can remain dormant in the liver for years?

A

P. vivax

P. ovale

30
Q

Diagnose malaria

A

Clinical syndrome
Travel Hx

Blood smear for parasites

31
Q

Characteristic feature of P. falciparum

A

“Purple banana”

32
Q

Organisms causing babesiosis

A

Babesia spp.

33
Q

Vector for Babesia spp. transmission

A

Ticks

34
Q

Characteristic feature of babesia infection

A

“Maltese cross”

35
Q

Babesiosis symptoms

A

Most infections are asymptomatic

Fever, chills, myalgia, hemolytic anemia

36
Q

Organisms causing filariasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi (nematodes)

37
Q

Vector for filariasis transmission

A

Mosquitoes

38
Q

Symptoms of filariasis

A

Many are asymptomatic
Acute infection begins with fever, chills, and lymphadenitis

Only small percentage develop “elephantiasis”

39
Q

Diagnose filariasis

A

Observation of microfilariae in blood smears

40
Q

Treatment for filariasis

A

DEC kills microfilariae and damages adults

Steroids counteract allergic response to dying worms

41
Q

Organisms causing schistosomiasis

A

Schistosoma spp.

42
Q

Different species that cause schistosomiasis and where they infect

A

S. mansoni - venous plexus of L.I.
S. japonicum - venous plexus of S.I.

S. haematobium - venous plexus of bladder

43
Q

Diagose schistosomiasis

A

Eggs in feces or urine

44
Q

Intracellular stage for sleeping sickness

A

None

45
Q

Intracellular stage for Chagas’ disease

A

Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

46
Q

Intracellular stage for Leishmaniasis

A

Macrophages

47
Q

Intracellular stage for malaria

A

RBCs, hepatocytes

48
Q

Intracellular stage for babesiosis

A

RBCs

Micro 5 (8 decks)

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