export_chapter 17 corrective dental procedures Flashcards
In what sequence should horse teeth be floated and with what type of float?
- maxillary central two cheek teeth each side 8s and 9s (easiest, get horse used to feel), straight head
- 10s and 11s with long shaft 10-15 degree head
- 6s and 7s short shafted upper PM float with 20 degree angled head or 9 inch offset head float (unless 6s hooked then special)
- lower arcade with 15-17 inch long straight float w/ 3 inch head
- back molar float for 11s
What is bit seating?
- rounding 06s
What is peformance equine dentistry?
- prophy
- rounding 06s
- removing or caring for wolf teeth
- managing deciduous teeth
- evaluating canine teeth
How do you assess pain from enamel points in the horse?
- put fingers in front of masseter muscles at level of upper molar arcade, press cheeks in
press lip commissures back against rostral PM2 - look for flinching
What are steps in creating a bit seat?
In maxilla:
- buccal cut with 9 inch float with offset head
- inside cut with same float
- introduce float from contralateral side at 45 degree angle from point
- fan cut 30-45 degree angle to rostral point of PM2 to blend three prior cuts
In mandible repeat
Why might more young horses have wolf teeth than adults?
What is reported percentages?
- shed with second deciduous premolar caps in 2-3 y.o
- 80-90% under 2
- 15-25% adults
What is schedule for equine cheek tooth eruption?
How does this vary with sex?
With arcade?
06 - 2.5 y 07 - 3 y 08 - 4 yr - males younger by 30 days for 06s - lower jaw before upper
Which deciduous teeth in the horse are most likely to be impacted?
PM3 and 4
What are consequence of delayed shedding of equine deciduous teeth?
- gingivitis, PD
- distracting training
- dismastication, anorexia, malocclusion, abnormal tooth wear
- dorsal displacement of soft palate
- impacted caps
What is problem with min horses related to dental disease?
- teeth are proportionately larger
What teeth do draft breeds have that require treatment?
- molarized wolf teeth
How quickly do unopposed teeth erupt compared to opposed teeth?
- 0.5 - 2 cm /year, 2-4 x normal rate
What causes sheer mouth?
How should it be corrected?
Why this approach?
- loose, painful teeth, jaw malaligment, severe perio dx, neuro paralysis of masticatory muscles or TMJ problems.
- staged, every 1-3 months
- effects muscles, ligaments joints and may not be able to open mouth all the way
What are 5 classes of incisor abnormalities?
- long arcades from lack of wear
- smile bite
- frown bite
- diagonal bite
- stepped bite
What is maximum incisor that can be removed at once to avoid pulp exposure?
- 3mm
What is EMC?
How much is it reduced per 1 mm of incisor crown shortening?
- lateral jaw excursion to molar contact distance
- 4 mm
What incisor “abnormality” is normal in donkeys?
- smile mouth
What is recommended for equine oral exam at birth?
- congentital lip/palate defects
- tongue motion and strength
- malocclusions
- body system abnormalities
What is recommended for equine oral exam at 6-8 mos
- incisor and PM occlusion (all incisors should be erupted)
- missing teeth
- points/hooks
- ulcers on tongue or buccal mucosa
What is recommended for equine oral exam at 16-24 mos?
- wolf teeth eruption
- points and hooks
- bit lesions
What is recommended for equine oral exam at 2-3 years?
- wolf teeth, blind wolf teeth
- deciduous? permanent? central incisors and PMs (remove caps)
- bit injuries
- points/hooks
What is recommended for equine oral exam at 3-4 years
- examine corners of mouth/interdental space for bit injuries
- incisors for retained deciduous teeth/supernumerary teeth
- point
- retained PM3s
- size and shape of lower jaw
- blind wolf teeth
What is recommended for equine oral exam at 4-5 years
- incisors for eruption
- canine teeth for sharp edges of delayed eruption (eruption cysts)
- molar arcade for eruption and alignment of PM4
- hooks, points
What is recommended for equine oral exam at 5 years and older
- hooks
- canines for tartar or sharp points
- decay or gingivitis
- incisor wear
- EMC
