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AT 0013 > Explosives And Propellants > Flashcards

Explosives And Propellants Flashcards

1
Q

What is ASA (F2 det) composition made up of and what are the percentages?

A

Lead azide 68%
Lead styphahnate 29%
Aluminium powder 3%

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2
Q

What are the two types of explosive initiators?

A

Detonators
Igniters

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3
Q

What is the abbreviation for composition explosives?

A

CE

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4
Q

Propellants are classified as low explosive, name another two

A

Gun powder
Pyrotechnics

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5
Q

What is the definition of HE?

A

Any explosive once initiated decomposes almost instantly to its molecular structure by the passage of a detonation wave through it, with a subsequent production of heat and gases and liberation of great energy

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6
Q

What is the Definition of primary explosives/iniator?

A

Substance or mixture of substances used to initiate a detonation or a burning reaction

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7
Q

What are the required characteristics of a primary explosive?

A

Stability over long periods
Optimum sensitivity to applied stimulus
Optimum output of the required kind
Compatibility with materials

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8
Q

What are the primary explosive compounds?

A

Lead azide
Lead styphnate
Lead dinotro rescorcinate
PETN
Von hertz mixtures
ASA compounds

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9
Q

What are the purposes of HE additives?

A

Increase sensitivity
Improve stability
Increase blast effects
Improve moldability
Decrease sensitivity
(SSBMS)

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10
Q

Two categories of propellants ?

A

Liquid
Solid

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11
Q

What are the main propellant types based on a collidal system of manufacture ?

A

Single, double and triple based.

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12
Q

What are all service propellants based on?

A

Nitrocellulose.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of dark ignition?

A

Tracers not visible by firer until projectile travelled approx 100-200m
To avoid observation of exact location
Avoid dazzling the gun layers

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14
Q

what are three things that effect the burn rate of propellant?

A

Propellant composition
Shape of propellant
Size of propellant

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15
Q

What produces the red in smoke and signals?

A

Strontium nitrate

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16
Q

What produces the yellow in smoke and signals?

A

Sodium nitrate

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17
Q

What produces the green in smoke and signals?

A

Barium nitrate

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18
Q

Describe the definition of an Explosion

A

The violent and rapid decomposition of energetic material to produce energy (heat) and gas which will lead to violent pressure rupturing of any confining structure.

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19
Q

What are the 4 pyrotechnic effects?

A

Heat
Light
Smoke
Sound

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20
Q

Describe deflagration -

A

Technical term describing SUBSONIC combustion that usually propagates through thermal conductivity. (Hot burning material heats next layer of cold & ignites)

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21
Q

Describe detonation -

A

Involves a SUPERSONIC exothermic front acceleration though a medium that drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.

22
Q

What are the requirements for propellants?

A

Give regular ballistics
Not produce excessive flash or smoke
Must not cause undue erosion
Must be relatively easily ignited
Must be stable for storage under worldwide conditions

23
Q

What are the 6 types of fuel used in Fuel Air Explosives?

A

Acetylene
Butane
Ethylene Oxide
Kerosene
Propylene Oxide
Aluminium

24
Q

What are the three phases of blast ?

A

Shock Front
Positive Phase
Negative Phase

25
Q

What are the three types of explosions?

A

Physical
Chemical
Nuclear Explosion

26
Q

What does guncotton consist of ?

A

Nitrocellulose, Nitric Acid and cotton fibres.

27
Q

What does ballistite consist of?

A

camphor(wax), nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose.

28
Q

What does cordite consist of ?

A

Nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose and petroleum jelly.

29
Q

What are the requirements for military explosives ?

A

Performance
Sensitivity
Stability & behaviour in storage
Water resistance
Consistency
Thermal behaviour

30
Q

What are some of the ways to initiate Explosives?

A

Direct Heat / Flame
Percussion & Stabbing
Friction
Electrical
Shock Waves

31
Q

Describe Brisance -

A

The shattering effect of explosives.

32
Q

What are the two main types of smoke compositions ?

A

Bergers
White Phos

33
Q

what is the acronym for Cyclotrimethylenetrinitromine?

A

RDX

34
Q

what is the acronym for Pentaerythritol
Tetranitrate?

A

PETN

35
Q

what is the acronym for Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine?

A

HMX

36
Q

what is the English word for Trinitrophenol?

A

PICRIC ACID

37
Q

what are the degressive propellant shapes?

A

cord
flake
strip/ribbon

38
Q

what are the neutral propellant shapes?

A

tubular
cogged
star centre

39
Q

what are the progressive propellant shapes

A

rosette
multi tubular

40
Q

what makes up the Australian propellant code?

A

first digit - physical shape
second digit - deterrent coating
third digit - indication of single or double based

41
Q

what are the advantages to WP?

A

immediate effect on burning
excellent screen produced
no priming or ignition devices required

42
Q

what are the disadvantages to the berger composition?

A

requires special priming and ignition devices
effective screen takes longer to build up

43
Q

what are the two main types of berger compositions?

A

-zinc powder and zinc oxide with carbon tetrachloride absorbed on kieselguhr or magnesium carbonate.
-Zinc oxide, zinc powder and hexachlorethane.

44
Q

what are the three types of explosion?

A

Physical
Chemical
Nuclear

45
Q

what are the four types of blast pressure?

A

Dynamic Pressure
Incident Pressure
Quasi Static Pressure
Reflected Pressure

46
Q

What is the basic principle of FAE?

A

Consists of creating an aerosol cloud of a
fuel air mixture, which is then initiated to
create an explosive effect, not a fire such as
napalm.

47
Q

what are the factors that effect VOD?

A

density of charge
charge diameter
degree of confinement
strength of detonator

48
Q

solid propellants can be divided in two types, what are they?

A

colloidal- single, double and triple based
composite

49
Q

what are the advantages to double based propellants?

A

Easily ignited
Higher energy rating than single base
Higher flame temperature
Higher burning rate

50
Q

what are the additives that can be added to propellants?

A

Stabilisers
Plasticisers
Coolants
Surface moderants
Surface lubricants
Flash inhibitors
De coppering agents
Anti wear additives

51
Q

What are the ideal properties of smoke?

A

Immediate in effect
Unaffected as far as possible
Persistent
Non anti personnel
Non incendiary

AT 0013 (21 decks)

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