Basic Bricks Flashcards
What are the 7 Basic Bricks?
- Structure
- Propulsion
- Guidance
- Control
- Auxiliary Power
- Payload
- Fuzing
What is the definition of Guided Weapon?
A weapon system in which the warhead is delivered by an unmanned guided vehicle.
Limitations of GW?
- Range and ceiling
- Lethality
- Accuracy
Advantages of GW?
- Increased hit probability
- Range
- Ceiling
- Weight of fire
Disadvantages of GW?
- Cost
- Reliability
- Response time
- Minimum range
- Flight time
- Support Requirements
Factors affecting GW design?
- Role
- Size and weight
- Target
- Guidance
- Control
- Warhead
What are the 3 main types of Auxiliary Power?
- Electric
- Pneumatic
- Hydraulic
What are the design factors for Auxiliary Power?
- Weight
- Storage
- Capacity
- Rapid Activation
- Fluctuation
- Strength
- Stability
What are types of Electrical Power sources?
- Dry Batteries
- Mercury Cells
- Thermal Batteries
- Accumulators
- Generators / Alternators
What is Pneumatic Power sources used for?
- Run up gyroscopes
- Power actuators
- Drive turbines
- Pressurise hydraulic systems or liquid propellant feed systems
- Provide cooling air
- Operate S&A mechanisms
What are the 3 main sources of Pneumatic Power?
- Compressed air or gas
- Propellant gases
- Ram air
What are the 2 types of Hydraulic Power systems?
- ‘One Shot’ system
- Recirculatory system
What are the 2 main tasks for Auxiliary Power?
- To energise electrical circuits and power electronic moving components.
- To power mechanical devices of the servo and actuator type.
The whole GW system includes?
- The missile
- Launch equipment and means of transmitting guidance signals to the missile
- Surveillance and tracking radars
- Specialist vehicles and power supplies
- Test equipment and power supplies
Two Types of Propulsion?
- Air Dependent
- Air Independent
3 Types of Guidance?
- Predetermined Course
- Controlled Path
- Homing
GW Structure comprises of what two items?
- Airframe
- Skin
What 3 main factors effect the Structure of a missile?
- Role
- Size and Weight
- Target
Why are external power supplies required for GW?
- To carry out works such as testing, and aligning and calibrating missile components with ground equipment
- To run up middle components for launch
Advantages of Thermal Batteries?
- Long shelf life
- Good power to weight ratio
- Rapidly activated
- Provides a stable output
Disadvantages of Thermal Batteries?
- They produce a RF hazard
- High temps in order of 180°C is caused during activation
Advantages of Accumulators?
- Long shelf life when stored dry
- A high output can be obtained
Disadvantages of Accumulators?
- Very heavy construction. Low power to weight ratio
- Wet accumulators require recharging
- Contain corrosive liquids
Advantages of Generators / Alternators?
- Unlimited shelf life
- Provide a steady output. Are capable of being stepped up or down in voltage
Disadvantages of Generators / Alternators?
- Tends to be large and complex
- Generally limited to larger missiles with longer flight times
Advantages of Compressed air or gas?
- Reliable and simple
- It is reusable
Disadvantages of Compressed air or gas?
- The gas bottles are large. Not suitable for short range
- May require topping-up in storage
What are the three main sources of propellant gases?
- Solid Propellant
- Liquid Propellant
- Motor Bleed-off
Advantage of Solid Propellant?
- Less weight and volume then compressed air or gas
- Long shelf life
Disadvantage of Solid Propellant?
- Gas produced requires cooling and filtering before use
- Gas production is difficult to control
- Has a tendency to produce smoke
What are 3 categories of warhead?
HE
Special
Non Operational
What are the 3 types of special warhead?
Chemical
Biological
Nuclear
The Safety & Arming Mechanism has three functions what are they?
-Prevent accidental initiation of warhead
-Arm the warhead after firing when missile is a safe distance from operator
-Translate the fuze firing signal into a detonation wave
What is the purpose of the skin on a guided weapon?
Gives Aerodynamic Shape
Protects Internal Parts
Adds to Rigidity and Stability of Missile
What are the components of a guidance system?
Tracking device
Computing device
Directing device
What are the 3 phases of guidance?
Launch phase
Mid course phase
Terminal phase
What are the methods which a predetermined guidance system can be obtained?
Preset
Inertial
Terrestrial Navigation
Celestial Navigation
Radio Navigation
What is the 3 types of homing guidance?
Active
Semi active
Passive
What are the advantages to active homing?
-After launch the missile will complete the engagement
-It may be used as a terminal phase guidance system for a long range missile
Command systems are often classified by the trajectory flown by the missile what are the two types?
Command to the Line of Sight (CLOS)
Command off the Line of Sight (COLOS)
What are the disadvantages to active homing?
-Missile complex and costly
-Target illuminator, receiver and computer are lost with
each engagement
-Limited range as only limited power available in the missile for the transmitted signals
-Very susceptible to ECM as target knows it is being illuminated
How does Semi Automatic Command to the Line of Sight (SACLOS) work?
-Operator is required to keep the sight coincident with the target
-Missile is then guided onto the line of sight by sensors in the ground equipment
-Sense any deviation and automatically calculates, and sends, the guidance commands
What are the three factors affecting the choice of a warhead?
role
target
accuracy of missile
4 Things required in a control loop?
- Something Controllable
- Error Detection
- Error Conversion
- Controlling Device
What is the purpose of the directing device?
Means by which commands are sent to the missile
Requirements of Auto MSL Control Systems?
- Receive intel from guidance system, interpret it and alter flight path
- Maintain stable flight path
- Ensure manoeuvering capabilities are not exceeded
2 Main types of control loops?
- Open (Semi-Automatic)
- Closed (Automatic)
Definition of missile guidance?
Is the ability to alter the direction of the flight of a missile after launch and usually to be able to do this until it is close to the point of impact.
What are the components req. for a Single Channel Control System?
- Airframe
- Reference
- ECU
- Servo Mechanism
- Control Device
- Feedback
What 3 components make up a Servo Mechanism?
- Transducer
- Control Valve
- Actuator
What are the 2 components that provide Reference (Control System)?
- Sensor
- Pick-off
What is the role of a Sensor?
Detects the movement of the Airframe and responds with proportional movement.
What is the definition of Auxiliary power?
The power required by a missile in flight other than the propulsive power
What forces act on GW?
- Thrust Loads
- Acceleration Loads
- Aerodynamic Lift
- Drag/Dynamic Pressure
- Aerodynamic Heating
- Transportation Loads
- Vibration and Resonance
What are the 2 types of Sensors?
- Gyroscopes
- Accelerometers
What are the 2 main types of Gyroscopes?
- Free Gyroscopes
- Rate Gyroscopes
Two groups of Control Devices?
- Aerodynamic Control
- Thrust Vector Control (TCV)
Types of Air Dependent Propulsion Systems?
- Pulse Jet
- Ram Jet
- Turbo Jet
- Turbo Fan
- Ram Rocket
What are the three methods to achieve Gyroscope ‘Run Up’?
-Pneumatic Blast
-Electric Motor
-Mechanical Energy
What are the two types of Control Valves?
-Spool
-Needle
What is the definition of Propagation?
Manner in which the effect of a warhead is transmitted eg Blast, Fragments etc
What is the definition of Isotropic Propagation?
Effect is uniform in all direction eg Blast warhead
What is the definition of Non-Isotropic Propagation?
Effect is directional eg HEAT warhead
What are the 3 different Motor configurations?
- Tandem
- Integral
- Wrap Around
Definition of Attenuation?
Reduction in effect of a warhead as the distance from the point of detonation increases.
2 types of Blast Warhead?
Internal and External
Advantages of Solid Propellant Fuels?
- Can be a stress bearing member
- Ease of handling and storage
- Non toxic
- Simple design
- Immediate response on firing
- Storage container for propellant
Type of fuze is dependent on what?
-Role of the missile
-Type of Warhead
-Type of target
3 Main Fuze types for GW?
-Impact
-VT
-Prox
5 types of HE Warhead in GW?
HESH, frag, shaped charge, sub projectile, blast
