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CPI Finals > Explosives > Flashcards

Explosives Flashcards

1
Q

is a solid or liquid substance (or a mixture of substances) that is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.

A

Explosive substance

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2
Q

the year of discovery of nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose and after which dynamites and Mercury formulate dusting cap were invented.

A

1850

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3
Q

Year smokeless powder was made

A

1867

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4
Q

is a material that, under the influence of thermal or mechanical shock, decomposes rapidly and spontaneously with the evolution of a great deal of heat and much gas.

A

Explosive

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5
Q

Classification of explosives

A

1) Initiating or primary explosives (detonators)
2) High explosives-trinitro-toluene (T.N.T)
3) Low explosives or propellants-colloided cellulose nitrate (smokeless powder)

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6
Q

sensitive materials which can be made to explode by the application of fire or by means of a slight blow.
- used in primers, detonators, and percussion caps

A

Initiating or primary explosives (detonators)

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7
Q

Examples of initiating or primary explosives (detonators)

A

lead azide, mercury fulminate, diazodinitro-phenol, lead styphnate (lead trillitro-resorcillate).

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8
Q

insensitive to both mechanical shock and flame but explode with great violence when set off by an explosive shock such as that which would be obtained by detonating a small amount of an initiating explosive in contact with the high explosive.

A

High explosives

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9
Q

Examples of high explosives

A

trinitro-toluene (T.N.T.) - amatols, pentaerythritoltetranitrate, cyclonite (hexogen or R.D.X.), tetryl, dynamites, nitro-starch.

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10
Q

is used as a booster between the initiating and high explosive

A

Tetryl

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11
Q

refers to all black powder having sodium or potassium nitrate as a constituent

A

Black blasting powder

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12
Q

evolve large volumes of gas on combustion in a definite and controllable manner.

A

Low explosives

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13
Q
  • mode of decomposition is burn.
  • less shattering
A

Low explosives or propellants

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14
Q

One which has been approved by the US Bureau of Miners or British Ministry of Fuel and Power for use in gas or dust-filled mines.

A

Permissible explosive

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15
Q

constitutes over 65 percent of the weight of the permissible

A

ammonium nitrate explosives

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16
Q

Permissible explosive includes:

A

▪ ammonium nitrate explosives -
▪ hydrated explosives
▪ organic nitrate explosives
▪ nitro-glycerine explosives - contain an excess of free water or carbon

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17
Q

Property of an explosive that may be measured by exploding a small quantity of it in a sand bomb

A

Power or Brisance

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18
Q

a heavy-walled vessel designed to resist the explosion without being ruptured

A

Sand bomb

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19
Q

It contains 200 grams of Ottawa silica sand, all of which passes through a 20-mesh sieve and all of which is retained on a 30-mesh sieve.

A

Sand bomb

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20
Q

measures the power of the explosive by measuring the ballooning of a soft lead cylinder in which the explosive is inserted and exploded.

A

Trauzl block test

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21
Q

How deep is the center hole of the Trauzl block?

A

125 mm

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22
Q

This property of an explosive is determined by finding the height from which standard weight must be allowed to fall in order to detonate the explosive.

A

sensitivity to impact

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23
Q

Recently, methods have been developed for determining the velocity of detonation by means of

A

high-speed photography

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24
Q

is dependent on many factors including the composition of the explosive, the density at which it was loaded before firing, and the degree of confinement.

A

velocity of detonation

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25
Q

Certain accelerated aging tests are frequently run to determine the

A

stability of explosives on storage

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26
Q

contains a small amount of a primary explosive or sensitive mixture

A

Primer

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27
Q

Projectiles designed for _______ must have heavy walls and contain an explosive so insensitive to impact .

A

armor piercing

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28
Q

▪ extremely low sensitivity to impact
▪ low cost of production
▪ excellent thermal stability

A

Guanidine picrates

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29
Q

At high enough temperatures, ________ can violently decompose on its own. This process creates gases including nitrogen oxides and water vapor.

A

ammonium nitrate

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30
Q

Special projectiles loaded with lead balls embedded in a matrix of rosin or bakelite and equipped with a time fuze causing them to explode in mid-air are known as

A

shrapnel

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31
Q

pushed black powder out of use as a military propellant.

A

Nitrocellulose

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32
Q

The cellulose molecule is a highly complicated one with a molecular weight that is frequently as high as

A

300,000

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33
Q

The finished nitro-cellulose should not be allowed to become acid in use or storage because

A

this catalyzes its further decomposition.

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34
Q

added which reacts with any trace of nitrous, nitric, or sulfuric acid that may be released due to the decomposition of the nitro-cellulose and thus stop further decomposition.

A

Stabilizer

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35
Q

Stabilizer for smokeless powder

A

diphenylamine (diphenylurea in Great Britain)

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36
Q

Stabilizer for celluloid

A

Urea

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37
Q

The nitro-cellulose produced in this manner contains about 12.6% nitrogen and is known as

A

Pyrocotton

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38
Q

Cotton nitrated to contain 13.2% nitrogen or greater is known as

A

Guncotton

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39
Q

is colloided nitro-cellulose containing about 1% of diphenylamine to improve its storage life and a small amount of a plasticizer

A

Smokeless powder

40
Q

oldest known propellant.

A

Black powder

41
Q

replace black powder for its smokelessness, superior power, and better storage characteristics

A

Smokeless powder

42
Q

Smokeless powder is colloided cellulose nitrate, containing a plasticizer such as

A

nitroglycerin and nitroglycol

43
Q

▪ Put black powder out of use as a propellant
▪ Now made from wood fibers rather than cotton

A

Nitrocellulose

44
Q

are low explosives consisting of fuels that include their own oxidant or other reactants necessary to cause the planned reaction

A

Rocket propellants

45
Q

added to the combustion chamber as liquids used in a single propellant system, serving as fuel, oxidizer, and catalyst

A

Liquid propellants

46
Q

fuels and oxidizers stored in two fuel tanks and fed separately to the combustion chamber

A

bipropellant systems

47
Q

combine the fuel and oxidizer in one mixture

A

Monopropellants

48
Q

used in large high-performance rockets for their specific impulse and low cost

A

LOX (liquid oxygen) and LH2 (liquid hydrogen) propellants

49
Q

have the advantage over liquid because of their simple design and they are easily stored, handed, and serviced

A

Solid propellants

50
Q

Solid propellants are classified in two groups

A
  1. Heterogeneous or composite
  2. homogeneous or double based
51
Q

Applications for solid propellants

A
  1. Propulsive units for missile
  2. Target drones
  3. Supersonic sleds
52
Q

Oxidizer and reducer present in two distinct phases

A

Heterogeneous or composite

53
Q

Oxidizer and reducer present in a single or colloidal phase

A

Homogeneous or double based

54
Q

a type of spacecraft that require rocket propulsion for launching

A

Artificial satellites

55
Q

Miscellaneous Industrial Explosive Uses

A
  1. Explosive rivets – can be placed without backing devices
  2. Explosive thrustors, pin pullers, separators, and release devices - extremely reliable on space missions and in industrial emergency devices
  3. Explosive welding – to form plate heat exchangers
  4. Ejection seat are explosive powered
56
Q

mixture of strong oxidizing agents, oxidizable material and material acting as binders that alter the character of the flame with color-producing chemical

A

Pyrotechnics

57
Q

Pyrotechnics mixture uses:

A
  1. Illuminating flares
  2. Marine signal rockets
  3. Red signal flares used by trucks and trains
  4. Colored light mixtures for military purposes
58
Q

All matches fall within two categories

A
  1. Safety matches
  2. Strike- anywhere matches
59
Q

Match head composition of strike-anywhere matches

A
  1. A fuel with a low kindling point (usually phosphorous sesquisulfide)
  2. Oxidizing agent (potassium or barium chlorate)
  3. Ground glass
  4. glue
60
Q

Used in the heads of matches as a flame-producing agent

A

Antimony sulfide

61
Q

The coating of the surface of the box of safety matches consists of

A

Red phosphorus
Ground glass
Glue

62
Q

Ignited by the generation of heat on the striking surface of the box

A

Safety matches

63
Q

cost is less vital and accent is on performance and good storage life
- consist of a thin cartridge case holding the primer, igniter and propellant.

A

Military explosives

64
Q

major explosive substance

A

Ammonium nitrate

65
Q

used for armor-piercing shells for its extraordinary resistance to shock

A

Ammonium picrate

66
Q

Some type of mechanical or electronic device to cause explosion on impact, delayed on impact, or by proximity, as desired.

67
Q

▪ Important military explosive with a mixture of ammonium nitrate
▪ Loaded into bombs and shells in a molten state because of its low melting point
▪ Made by multiple-stage nitration of toluene with nitric and sulfuric acids

A

TNT (trinitrotoluene)

68
Q

▪ 2,4,6- trinitrophenylmethylnitramine, C6H2(NO2)3NCH3NO2
▪ Used as a base charge in blasting caps, booster explosive in high-explosive shell, and ingredient of binary explosives

69
Q

▪ 2,4,6- trinitrophenol
▪ Manufactured by the nitration of mixed phenolsulfonates with mixed acid

A

Picric acid

70
Q

A powerful high explosive with intermediate sensitivity and great shattering power

71
Q
  • Ammonium picrate
  • made by the neutralization of a hot aqueous solution of picric acid with aqueous ammonia
A

Explosive D

72
Q

Its major use is for the manufacture of ammonium picrate

A

Picric acid

73
Q
  • It is used in armor-piercing shells as a bursting charge
  • must be loaded by compression because it is a salt
A

Explosive D

74
Q

▪︎ Pentaerythritol tetranitrate C(CH2ONO2)4
▪ One of the most brisant and sensitive of the military high explosive
▪ Use as a booster explosive, bursting charge, or plastic demolition charge
▪ Desensitized by admixture with TNT or addition of wax

75
Q

Is used in making detonating fuses and commercial blasting caps, and has a small medicinal use

76
Q

▪ Cyclonite or sym-trimethylenetrinitramine (CH2)3N3(NO2)3
▪ One of the most powerful explosive known at present time
▪ Used in a mixture with TNT and aluminium, known as torpex for mines,
depth charges and torpedo warheads

77
Q

Made by casting slurries of PETN with TNT

78
Q

▪ Replace mercury fulminate as an initiating explosive for blasting caps
▪ Has remarkable stability, involves no strategic materilas, and can be manufactured in large batches

A

Lead azide

79
Q

Favored primer ingredient

A

Basic styphnate

80
Q

▪ Trinitroresorcinol & Forms two salt on reaction with lead acetate or nitrate, basic lead stypnate C6H2(NO2)3OPbOH and lead styphnate

A

Styphnic acid

81
Q

▪︎ were the largest single category of chemical supplies consumed during World War 2 and were the vital factors in that victory
▪ Take the form of bombs, bomblets, artillery shells and grenades

A

Incendiaries

82
Q

Causes ignition of combustible materials at the target

A

Incendiary

83
Q

– oldest chemical weapon known to humans

A

Flammable mixture

84
Q
  • mixture of aluminum powder and iron oxide
  • when ignited, burn fiercely at a high temperature and cannot be extinguished by means of water
85
Q

Incendiaries fall into two classes

A

Metallic and petroleum

86
Q

First satisfactory thickener

87
Q

The most important thickener

88
Q

Modern use of toxic chemicals in war began in

89
Q

Toxic agents were designed to

A

Produce temporary incapacity in controlling riots and civil disobedience

90
Q

Toxic agents may produce/cause

A

Sneezing, tears, vomiting, and/ or nausea

91
Q

▪ use to hide area on a temporary basis

A

Smokes or persistent fogs

92
Q

▪ dispersed by mechanical, thermal, and chemical means

93
Q

Created by forming low volatile droplets of water which remain dispensed in air

94
Q

▪ Used in a smoke grenade

A

Oil vapor mists

95
Q

▪ Made by burning pyrotechnics mixture which volatilizes various heat-resistant organic dyes

A

Colored smokes

CPI Finals (5 decks)

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