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CPI Finals > Ceramic > Flashcards

Ceramic Flashcards

1
Q

ONE OF THE MAIN TYPE OF MATERIALS USED IN THE DIFFERENT FIELDS OF ENGINEERING ALONGSIDE METAL, POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS.

A

CERAMICS

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2
Q

A COMPOUND THAT PRIMARILY CONSIST OF METALLIC
AND NONMETALLIC ELEMENTS.

A

CERAMICS

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3
Q

SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED THE CLAY PRODUCTS OR SILICATE INDUSTRIES.

A

CERAMIC INDUSTRY

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4
Q

THE OLDEST KNOWN CERAMIC ARTIFACT

A

IT IS A STATUETTE OF A WOMAN, NAMED THE VENUS OF DOLNÍ VĚSTONICE

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5
Q

THE 3 MAIN RAW MATERIALS FOR CERAMIC INDUSTRY:

A

CLAY
FELDSPAR (USUALLY KNOWN AS “SPAR” )
SAND (USUALLY KNOWN AS “FLINT”)

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6
Q

MORE OR LESS IMPURE HYDRATED ALUMINUM SILICATES THAT HAVE RESULTED FROM THE WEATHERING OF IGNEOUS ROCKS SUCH AS FELDSPAR

A

CLAY

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7
Q

THE DIFFERENT CLAY MINERALS / MINERAL SPECIES AND THEIR RESPECTIVE COMPOSITION:

A

KAOLINITE (AL2O3 2SIO2 2H2O)
BEIDELLITE (AL2O3 3SIO2 H2O)
MONTMORILLONITE (AL2O3 4SIO2 H2O)
HALLOYSITE (AL2O3 2SIO2 3H2O)

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8
Q

A TERM USED TO IDENTIFY THAT AT A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE, CLAY CAN BE FORMULATED TO PRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS.

A

MATURE

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9
Q

T/F. THE HIGHER A CLAY BODY IS DESIGNED TO FIRE, THE MORE VITREOUS IT IS.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

MORE RESISTANT TO WATER ABSORPTION, WHICH IN TURN CAN PREVENT DEFECTS AND CRACKING FROM HAPPENING.

A

VITREOUS CLAY

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11
Q

IS A PROPERTY OF CLAY THAT ALLOWS IT TO CHANGE ITS SHAPE WITHOUT RUPTURING EVEN AFTER PUTTING A GREATER AMOUNT OF FORCE .

A

PLASTICITY

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12
Q

THE MOST BASIC CLAY MINERAL USED IN THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY IS

A

KAOLINITE

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13
Q

THE MOST ABUNDANT CLAY MINERAL OF ALL DIFFERENT TYPES (WIDELY USED IN POTTERY AS WELL).

A

KAOLINITE

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14
Q

ARE BASED ON MONTMORILLONITE CLAYS, THEY ARE USED TO SOME EXTENT WHERE VERY HIGH PLASTICITY IS DESIRED.

A

BENTONITE CLAYS

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15
Q

ONE WAY FOR US TO INCREASE THE CONTENT OF CLAY MINERALS IN
CLAYS IS BY

A

USING THE PROCESS OF BENEFICIATION WHILE DECREASING THE CONTENT OF QUARTZ.

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16
Q

MAJORITY OF THE PROCESS OF BENEFICIATION OF CLAY CONSISTS OF UNIT OPERATIONS SUCH AS

A

SIZE SEPARATION BY SCREENING OR
SELECTIVE SETTLING, FILTRATION AND DRYING.

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17
Q

ARE ADDED AS THE APPROPRIATE ADDITIONAL AGENTS USED TO CONTROL THE COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY.

A

SODIUM SILICATE AND ALUMINUM

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18
Q

A GROUP OF ALUMINOSILICATE MINERALS THAT ALSO CONTAINS CALCIUM, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM.

A

FELDSPAR

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19
Q

THE 3 COMMON TYPES OF FELDSPAR USED IN THE
CERAMIC INDUSTRY.

A

POTASH FELDSPAR (K2O AL2O3 6SIO2)
SODA FELDSPAR (NA2O AL2O3 6SIO2)
LIME FELDSPAR (ALSO TERMED AS
ANORTHITE (CAO AL2O3 6SIO2)

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20
Q

THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF FELDSPAR IS THE

A

POTASH FELDSPAR

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21
Q

T/F. THE PRESENCE OF FLUXES TENDS TO LOWER THE TEMPERATURE OF THE FORMATION OF MULLITE

A

TRUE

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22
Q

FORMS WHEN CLAY MINERALS ARE IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER AND UNDERGOES METAMORPHISM

A

MULLITE

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23
Q

A TYPE OF MINERAL THAT NATURALLY CONSIST OF SILICA/ QUARTZ OR SIO2.

A

SAND

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24
Q

SHOULD BE CHOSEN FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF LIGHT-COLORED CERAMIC PRODUCTS.

A

A SAND WITH A LOW IRON CONTENT

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25
Q

ALL CERAMIC PRODUCTS ARE MADE BY

A

COMBINING VARIOUS AMOUNTS OF THE FOREGOING RAW MATERIALS SHAPING, AND HEATING TO FIRING TEMPERATURES.

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26
Q

HEATING TO FIRING
TEMPERATURES MAY BE AS LOW
AS AND HIGH AS

A

AS LOW AS 700°C TO AS HIGH AS 1300 TO 1400°C

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27
Q

THE PRINCIPAL REFRACTORY OXIDES:

A

SIO2, AL2O3, CAO, MGO , ZRO2, TIO2, CR2O3, BEO

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28
Q

AS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMORPHOUS ALUMINA (KAOLIN) CHANGES TO 940 C, IT FORMS A CRYSTALLINE FORM CALLED

A

GAMMA ALUMINA

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29
Q

GENERIC TERM FOR CERAMIC PRODUCTS WHICH ARE USUALLY WHITE AND OF FINE TEXTURE.

A

WHITEWARES

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30
Q

SOMETIMES CALLED SEMI-VITREOUS DINNERWARE, WHICH ARE POROUS AND NON-TRANSLUCENT WITH A SOFT GLAZE.

A

EARTHWARES

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31
Q

VITRIFIED TRANSLUCENT WARE WITH A MEDIUM GLAZE THAT CAN RESIST ABRASION TO A DEGREE AND USED FOR NONTECHNICAL PURPOSES.

A

CHINAWARE

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32
Q

THIS INCLUDES CHEMICAL, INSULATING, AND DENTAL PORCELAIN, VITRIFIED TRANSLUCENT WARE WITH A HARD GLAZE, AND CAN RESIST ABRASION TO THE MAXIMUM DEGREE.

A

PORCELAIN

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33
Q

FORMERLY MADE FROM CLAY, USUALLY POROUS; HENCE, HAS VITREOUS COMPOSITION, PREFIRED AND SIZED VITREOUS GROG IS SOMETIMES INCLUDED WITH THE TRIAXIAL COMPOSITION.

A

SANITARY WARE

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34
Q

ONE OF THE OLDEST OF CERAMIC WARES, WAS IN USE LONG BEFORE PORCELAIN WAS DEVELOPED, REGARDED AS A CRUDE PORCELAIN MADE FROM A POORER GRADE OF NOT CAREFULLY FABRICATED RAW MATERIALS.

A

STONEWARE

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35
Q

CLASSIFIED AS FLOOR TILES, RESISTANT TO ABRASION, IMPERVIOUS TO STAIN PENETRATION, MAY BE GLAZED OR UNGLAZED, ALSO USED AS WALL TILES WHICH HAVE A HARD, PERMANENT SURFACE AND COME IN A VARIETY OF COLORS AND TEXTURES.

A

WHITEWARE TILES

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36
Q

USED FOR PRODUCTION OF FINE-GRAINED HIGHLY GLAZED INSULATORS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE SERVICE.

A

WET PROCESS PORCELAIN

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37
Q

PROCESS EMPLOYED FOR RAPID PRODUCTION
OF MORE OPEN-TEXTURED LOW-VOLTAGE
PIECES.

A

DRY PROCESS PORCELAIN

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38
Q

NECESSARY FOR THE MAKING OF PIECES THAT ARE EITHER TOO LARGE OR TOO INTRICATE FOR THE OTHER TWO METHODS (DRY & WET PROCESS).

A

CAST PORCELAIN

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39
Q

PROCESS WHERE THE PLASTIC CLAY IS PRESSED INTO OR ON A SINGLE REVOLVING MOLD.

A

JIGGING

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40
Q

IS ALWAYS IMPORTANT IN THE
PRODUCTION OF WHITEWARES.

A

GLAZING

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41
Q

A THIN COATING OF GLASS THAT IS MELTED AND IS APPLIED THE SURFACE OF THE POROUS CERAMIC WARE.

A

GLAZE

42
Q

THE PURPOSE OF GLAZING

A

TO IMPART THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS INTO THE CERAMIC MOLD FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCT ROBUSTNESS.

43
Q

GLAZING NATURALLY CONTAINS TWO INGREDIENTS:

A
  1. THE REFRACTORY MATERIALS (FELDSPAR, SILICA, AND CHINA CLAY)
  2. THE FLUXES (SODA, POTASH, FLUORSPAR AND BORAX)
44
Q

IS THE TECHNICAL TERM FOR THE FIRING OF THE GLAZE INSIDE THE KILN.

A

GLOST FIRING

45
Q

LOW-COST BUT VERY DURABLE PRODUCTS.

A

HEAVY CLAY PRODUCTS

46
Q

ARE FREQUENTLY MANUFACTURED FROM THE CHEAPEST OF COMMON CLAYS WITH OR WITHOUT ANY GLAZING.

A

COMMON BRICK, FACE BRICK, TERRA COTTA, SEWER PIPE, AND DRAIN TILE

47
Q

THE PROCESS OF GLAZING IN SEWER PIPE AND DRAIN TILE BY THROWING SALT UPON THE KILN FIRE FOR IT TO REACT AND FORM THE FUSIBLE COATING OR THE GLAZE.

A

SALT GLAZE

48
Q

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OF CLAY PRODUCTS IS

A

BUILDING BRICK

49
Q

BUILDING BRICK IS COMPRISED OF

A

COMMON AND FACE BRICK

50
Q

ARE THE STANDARD BRICK TYPE AND THE MOST ABUNDANTLY USED BUILDING MATERIAL IN MODERN CONSTRUCTION.

A

COMMON BRICKS

51
Q

TENDS TO HAVE A MORE AESTHETICALLY PLEASING APPEARANCE IN COMPARISON WITH A COMMON BRICK, AS THEY ARE MORE UNIFORM IN COLOR AND SMOOTHER IN TEXTURE THAN THE COMMON BRICK.

A

FACE BRICK

52
Q

THE RAW MATERIALS FOR BUILDING BRICKS (WHICH ARE CLAYS) COMES FROM THESE 3 GROUPS:

A
  1. RED BURNING CLAY (MOST USED CLAY FOR BOTH COMMON AND FACE BRICK)
  2. WHITE BURNING CLAY
  3. BUDD BURNING CLAY, WHICH IS USUALLY A REFRACTORY.
53
Q

BRICKS ARE MANUFACTURED BY ONE OF THREE PROCESSES:

A
  1. SOFT-MUD PROCEDURE
  2. STIFF-MUD PROCEDURE
  3. DRY-PROCESS PROCEDURE
54
Q

CONSIST OF MOLDING THE CLAY MIXTURE CONTAINING 20 TO 30 PERCENT WATER IN MOLDS COATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF EITHER SAND OR WATER TO PREVENT STICKING.

A

SOFT-MUD PROCEDURE

55
Q

USUALLY MUCH EMPLOYED FOR FIREBRICK AND IS THE ANCIENT METHOD FOR MAKING BUILDING BRICKS.

A

SOFT-MUD PROCEDURE

56
Q

UTILIZES THE SAME CONCEPT WITH THE SOFT MUD PROCEDURE BUT DIFFERS IN THE CONCENTRATION OF WATER WHEN MIXING WITH THE CLAY

A

STIFF-MUD PROCEDURE

57
Q

THE WATER CONTENT IS FROM 4 TO 7 PERCENT (USUALLY THE “AS-IS” CONDITION) WHICH
MAKES THE CLAY RELATIVELY NONPLASTIC.

A

DRY-PROCESS PROCEDURE

58
Q

EMPLOYED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRACTICALLY EVERY CLAY PRODUCT, INCLUDING ALL TYPES OF BRICK, SEWER PIPE, DRAIN TILE, HOLLOW TILE, FIREPROOFING, AND TERRA COTTA.

A

STIFF-MUD PROCESS

59
Q

THE PROCESS OF REMOVING AIR FROM THE PUG MILL.

A

DE-AIRING

60
Q

IT ALSO INCREASES THE WORKABILITY, PLASTICITY, AND’ STRENGTH OF THE UNDRIED BRICK BY REDUCING VOIDS, FOR ALL BUT A FEW CLAYS.

A

DE-AIRING

61
Q

REFER TO MATERIALS WHICH ARE USED TO WITHSTAND THE THERMAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS THAT ARE PRESENT IN FURNACE
PROCEDURES.

A

REFRACTORIES

62
Q

THE USUAL CLASSIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL REFRACTORIES
DIVIDES THEM INTO

A

ACID, BASIC, AND NEUTRAL GROUPS

63
Q

T/F. IT IS USUALLY UNADVISABLE TO EMPLOY AN ACID BRICK IN CONTACT WITH AN ALKALINE PRODUCT OR VICE VERSA

A

TRUE

64
Q

THE QUALITY OR DEGREE OF HAVING MINUTE SPACES OR HOLES THROUGH WHICH LIQUID OR AIR MAY PASS.

A

POROSITY

65
Q

THE POINT WHERE THE MOLECULES HOLDING THEIR BONDS TOGETHER BREAK APART AND FORM A LIQUID.

A

FUSION POINTS

66
Q

FUSION POINTS CAN BE DETERMINED BY THE USE OF

A

PYROMETRIC CONES

67
Q

IT MEASURES HEAT-WORK, THE EFFECT OF TIME, AND TEMPERATURE.

A

PYROMETRIC CONES

68
Q

A FRACTURING OF A REFRACTORY BRICK OR BLOCK DUE TO UNEVEN HEAT STRESSES OR COMPRESSION CAUSED BY HEAT.

A

SPALLING

69
Q

ARE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO SPALLING WHEN SUBJECTED TO RAPID COOLING AND HEATING

A

THOSE THAT UNDERGO THE GREATEST EXPANSION AT THE
LEAST UNIFORM RATE

70
Q

RESISTANCE TO ABRASION OR EROSION IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR FURNACE CONSTRUCTIONS.

A

STRENGTH

71
Q

THE COMPRESSIVE OR FLEXURAL STRENGTH DETERMINED PRIOR TO FIRING.

A

COLD STRENGTH

72
Q

USUALLY ONLY HAS A SLIGHT BEARING ON STRENGTH AT HIGH TEMPERATURES.

A

COLD STRENGTH

73
Q

ARE THE MOST RESISTANT TO RAPID THERMAL CHANGES AND
DEVELOP LESS STRAIN.

A

BRICKS WITH THE LOWEST THERMAL EXPANSION AND COARSEST TEXTURE

74
Q

FURNACE HEAT CAPACITY DEPENDS UPON THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES OF THE REFRACTORY:

A

A) THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY,
B) THE SPECIFIC HEAT,
C) THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY

75
Q

THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE PROPERTY TO PRODUCE IN
MANUFACTURE IS

A

HIGH BULK DENSITY

76
Q

AFFECTS MANY OF THE OTHER IMPORTANT PROPERTIES, SUCH AS STRENGTH, VOLUME STABILITY, SLAG AND SPALLING RESISTANCE, AS WELL AS HEAT CAPACITY.

A

HIGH BULK DENSITY

77
Q

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IS THE SIZE OF THE PARTICLES IN THE BATCH

A

GRINDING

78
Q

IT IS KNOWN THAT A MIXTURE IN WHICH THE PROPORTION OF COARSE AND FINE PARTICLES IS ABOUT

A

55 : 45

79
Q

THE REAL FUNCTION OF _______ IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PLASTIC MATERIAL SO AS TO THOROUGHLY COAT THE NONPLASTIC CONSTITUENTS.

A

MIXING

80
Q

IS PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR BATCHES THAT CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF NONPLASTIC MATERIALS.

A

DRY-PRESS METHOD

81
Q

USED TO REMOVE THE MOISTURE ADDED BEFORE MOLDING TO
DEVELOP PLASTICITY.

A

DRYING

82
Q

MAY BE CARRIED OUT IN TYPICAL ROUND, DOWNDRAFT KILNS OR CONTINUOUS TUNNEL KILNS.

A

BURNING

83
Q

ARE THE MOST WIDELY USED OF ALL AVAILABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, SINCE THEY ARE WELL SUITED FOR A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS.

A

FIRE CLAYS

84
Q

ARE THE LARGEST CONSUMERS OF REFRACTORIES FOR THE LININGS OF BLAST FURNACES, STOVES, OPEN HEARTHS, AND OTHER FURNACES.

A

STEEL INDUSTRIES

85
Q

CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY 95 TO 96% SIO2 AND ABOUT 2% LIME ADDED DURING GRINDING TO FURNISH THE BOND.

A

SILICA BRICK

86
Q

HAVE HIGHER REFRACTORINESS AND LOWER PERMEABILITY TO GASSES THAN CONVENTIONAL SILICA BRICKS

A

SUPERDUTY SILICA BRICKS

87
Q

THE IMPORTANT BASIC BRICKS ARE MADE FROM

A

MAGNESIA. CHROMITE. AND FORSTERITE.

88
Q

TO ACHIEVE THE REQUIRED STRENGTH AND OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, BASIC BRICKS ARE

A

USUALLY POWER-PRESSED AND ARE EITHER CHEMICALLY BONDED OR HARD-BURNED.

89
Q

ARE MADE FROM DOMESTIC MAGNESITES OR MAGNESIA
EXTRACTED FROM BRINES

A

MAGNESIA REFRACTORIES

90
Q

EMPLOYED BOTH AS A BOND AND AS A BASE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE REFRACTORIES.

A

FORSTERITE (2MGO · SI02)

91
Q

USUALLY ADDED TO CONVERT SOME ACCESSORY MINERALS TO FORSTERITE, WHICH IS THE MOST STABLE SILICATE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES.

A

DEAD-BURNED MAGNESITE

92
Q

THE MOST IMPORTANT USE OF FORSTERITE IS IN

A

GLASS-TANK SUPERSTRUCTURES AND CHECKERS

93
Q

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF INSULATING BRICKS

A

FOR BACKING REFRACTORY BRICKS AND
FOR USE IN PLACE OF REGULAR REFRACTORY BRICKS.

94
Q

ARE MADE FROM NATURALLY POROUS DIATOMACEOUS EARTH

A

BRICKS USED FOR BACKING

95
Q

USUALLY CALLED LIGHTWEIGHT REFRACTORIES, ARE SIMILAR IN COMPOSITION TO HEAVY BRICKS AND OWE THEIR INSULATING VALUE TO THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.

A

BRICKS USE IN PLACE OF REGULAR REFRACTORY BRICKS

96
Q

THEIR ABILITY TO ABSORB AND RELEASE HEAT RAPIDLY AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO SPALLING UNDER REPEATED TEMPERATURE CHANGES MAKE THEM DESIRABLE FOR RECUPERATORS.

A

SILICON CARBIDE

97
Q

SILICON CARBIDE ARE REPLACING ____________________ IN IRON-MAKING BLAST FURNACES BECAUSE OF THEIR STABILITY UNDER REDUCING CONDITIONS AND GOOD ALKALI RESISTANCE.

A

CARBON AND ALUMINOSILICATE PRODUCTS

98
Q

-LIGHT WEIGHT (REDUCE FURNACE LOAD AND EXTEND FURNACE LIFE);
-LOW HEAT CAPACITY (LESS HEAT ABSORPTION AND RAPID TEMPERATURE RISE);
-LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (LESS HEAT LOSS);
-SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION (NO NEED TO LEAVE EXPANSION JOINTS);
-WIDE RANGE OF USE;
-THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE;
-RESISTANCE TO MECHANICAL VIBRATION (WITH FLEXIBILITY AND ELASTICITY);
-GOOD SOUND INSULATION PERFORMANCE (REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION);

A

ALUMINUM SILICATE AND ALUMINA PRODUCTS.

99
Q

ALSO KNOWN AS “PORCELAIN ENAMEL” IS A SMOOTH, GLASSY, AND DURABLE SURFACE THAT IS FUSED AT TEMPERATURES HIGHER THAN 800 C.

A

VITREOUS ENAMEL

100
Q

THE VITREOUS ENAMEL PROCESS STARTS WITH SMALL PIECES OF GLASS CALLED

A

“FRIT”

CPI Finals (5 decks)

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