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AV Laet QC > Explosive materials and safety reguations 7345 > Flashcards

Explosive materials and safety reguations 7345 Flashcards

1
Q

What must conventional explosive material have?

A
  1. be capable of initiation by heat, shock and friction.
  2. on initiation, decompose rapidly producing a very large volume of gas.
  3. have a typical expan**sion ratio of 10,000: 1 in microseconds.
  4. be stable during handling, storage and transportation.
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2
Q

what are the classifications of explosive?

A

high explosive = high speed decomposition around 20,000 ft/sec - produces a shockwave

low/propellant explosives = burns at 10,000 ft/sec - used to propel projectiles, produce heat, smoke, light, or sound

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3
Q

what would be the responce to initiation?

A
  • Burning
  • Explosion
  • Detonation
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4
Q

What is TAMPING?

A

The means of confining an explosive

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5
Q

What would be the effect of raising the temperature of an explosive?

A

Temp of explosives on initiation is in the the range of thousands of degrees.

By adding aluminium additives the temp can be further increased,

This accelerates the explosion.

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6
Q

Name and describe the explosive properties definitions

A
  1. Sensitivity = measure of the shock, heat or friction required to initiate explosion
  2. Power = measure of the energy used for the expanding gases
  3. Stability = measure of an explosives resistance to shock or heat during handling and manufacture
  4. Life = period of time the properties and characteristics will remain unchanged within limits, calculated by the ordnance board.
  5. Brisance = shattering effect of the explosive, speed of the shockwave reacting against the resistance of the material - shrapnel
  6. Insensitive munitions (I.M.) = minimul probability of inadvertent initiation
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7
Q

What is an explosive train?

A

the initiation train begining with the first explosive element (primer, detonator) terminating in the main charge

arrangegement

initiator - intermediary - main filling

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8
Q

what are the two types of fuze?

A

separate fuzing components

shuttered fuze

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9
Q

Big fucking shaped penis

what types of warhead are there?

describe

A

Blast = thin case weapons, expends small amount of explosive disrupting the case

fragmentation = Rod bundle, known size of fragments, use less explosive,

penetration = thick case able to enter tarh=get without breraking up, effective against structures,

shaped charge = “munro effect”, max armour penetration by focusing explosion over a small area, molten metal from a special liner, small amount of explosive, detonation occures a few inches from target

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10
Q

Explain what effects explosive have at different locations?

A
  • Air = explosives cause damage via blast and fragmentation
  • at ground level = blast, fragmentation, detonation also causes craters that add to the fragmentation effect
  • underground = detonations transmit shock wave into the subsoil, damages foundations of buildings and bridges, gaseous expance throws up soil creating craters and damaging services like pipes and cables
  • underwater = plast presssure wave, causing damage by the crushing effect
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11
Q

what defines the burning time of propellents?

A
  • chemical construction
  • physical shape
  • container shape
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12
Q

name three types of rocket motors in use

A
  • boost motors
  • sustainer motors
  • composite motors
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13
Q

POD

3 catagories air weapons and explosive stores fit into?

A
  • operational/warshot
  • practice
  • drill
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14
Q

band size of Role and hazard indications on OME

A

25 mm for hazard

50 mm for role

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15
Q

12 colours

colour code chart for OME

A

refer to book chapter A page 9

golden yellow

brown

grey

black

silver

eur-de-nil

white

red

pink

oxford blue

orange

deep saxe blue

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16
Q

explain cook-off

A

inadvertant ignition of explosive through conduction of container

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17
Q

what effects of initiation from fire can occure?

A

burning = burns fiercely, no damage from blast, or debris therefore no hazard to fire fighters

deflagration = rapid burning of explosives, and ejection of un-reacted material, minor blast damage

explosion = extensive damage from blast and fragmentation, below that of detonation, great hazard to fire fighting capability,

detonation = stores will be shattered, with maximum damage, from blast and fragmentation, major hazard to fire fighting capability

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18
Q

fire fighter need to be aware of the hazard associated with fires involving explosives, where is this information promulgated?

A
  • JSP 862 addendum, ships explosives store safety instructions
  • Relevent munitions technical publications ashore
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19
Q

what is the difference between risk time and hazard time?

A
  • Risk time is the time it takes for ignition or deflagration to occure
  • hazard time is the time from and event occuring to effective fire fighting before explosion
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20
Q

what action is taken during a crash/fire?

A
  1. determine stores fitted
  2. apply safety devices
  3. controls and switches operated to safe
  4. isolate A/C battery
  5. Observe safety precautions request fire and salvage team
  6. remove all explosives from A/C as soon as possible
  7. make sure no un-authorised personel approach scene
  8. confirm all ships AED and local orders
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21
Q

explain hang-fire?

A

unwanted delay in the firing of a weapon system

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22
Q

explain misfire?

A

failure to fire or explode properly

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23
Q

explain hang-up?

A

this is a weapon stoppage, that cannot be cleared from A/C while in the air

or a weapon failures to release from its carrier

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24
Q

SOS

what are the 3 categories of lifing?

A

service life

storage life

operation life

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25
Q

where are the lifing details promulgated?

A

in the (JSMCR) joint service munitions control register, part 3 lifed items register (LIR)

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26
Q

what is extrusion?

A

alluminium additives can produce hydrogen gas through the effects of heating,

the heat can cause the explosives to become pliable and gas pressure to build up and force filling out of holes, crack and screw heads

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27
Q

what is exudation?

A

when mixed with additives explosives can deteriorate causing an oily brown liquid to be produced, this can crystallize if it comes into contact with the air.

this substance is highly sensitive

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28
Q

what are the handling precautions of explosives?

A
  1. sufficient time should be allowed for handling, receiving and dispatching explosive
  2. only use authorised equipment used when handling
  3. before use checks on all equipment used in handling the explosives, by qualified supervisor ensuring equipment is in date for use
  4. ensure no ID marking of explosives are destroyed while handling, or altered in anyway
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29
Q

what additional checks are carried out while handling explosives?

A
  1. the condition of the safe arming device (SAD)
  2. protective covers are in place
  3. safety pins and devices are in place
  4. no leakage or internal fluids
  5. no external damage
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30
Q

what actions are to be taken for damaged weapons?

A

if any damaged is found outisde of what is recored in the weapon log book then:

  1. the weapon is not to be used
  2. set aside for critical examination by a specialist officer
  3. segrated from servicable weapons
  4. investigate how damage could of occured
  5. raise the defect in the correct report
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31
Q

what is the purpose of transportation markings?

A

enforce rules of stowage and transportation for different groups of explosives

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32
Q

what are the main category of explosives class?

A
  • 1.1A = class 1 division 1: mass explosion hazard
  • 1.2E = class 1 division 2: projection hazard
  • 1.3C class 1 division 3: fire hazard
  • 1.4E class 1 division 4: no significant hazard
33
Q

how are explosives further divided?

A

further divided into one of 13 other compatibility groups, in the form of a letter added to the hazard division

34
Q

what regulation provides guidance for any involvement with explosives?

A

JSP 482 MOD explosives regulations

provides guidance for all personnel, concerned with management, storage, transportation, handling, maintenance, inspection, processing and disposal of explosives and explosives storage facilites within MOD

35
Q

PIR

what does ESA stand for, and what is its purpose?

A

Explosive storage area:

storage of explosives

authorised missile preperation, inpection and rectification

‘bomb-dump’

36
Q

what does PES stand for and use?

A

potential explosives site:

any explosive storehouse, locker, compartment or designated area that contains explosives

37
Q

what does ESH stand for andwhat is its use?

A

Explosives store house:

any authorised building or portion of a building that is required for permament stowage of explosives

38
Q

what does EPA stand for and use?

A

Explosives processing area:

an area designated to stow or work on weapons or weapon equipment

39
Q

What does EDP stand for and use?

A

Explosive delivery point:

formally agreed upon position detailed in station orders, to where, explosives may be delivered,

and responsibility transfered to relevent custodians usually OOQ or Sqdn ERO(shore)

40
Q

what is the ESAM responsible for?

A

Explosive storage area manager:

a qualified SR

responsible to HoE ESR

Ensures that all saftey and security regulation within the ESA are adhered to

41
Q

what is the OOQ responsible for?

A

officer of the Quarter

authorised SR

Responsible to ESAM

responsible for safety, accounting and transportation of explosives within the ESA to EDP

42
Q

what is the role of the CM?

A

competent maintainer

SR/LR/JR or civil servant

aurthorised to carry out maintenance or prep within ESA

43
Q

basicaly the same as ESAM

What is the role of the ERO (shore)?

A

explosive responsible officer (Shore)

Officer

responsible to HoE ESR

responsible for following regulations for the safety of explosives on disembarked FAA Sqdn and NAC establishments are enforced

44
Q

what is the role of the SOOQ?

A

Specialist officer of the quarter

AV SR

responsible for safe management after EDP to all associated quarters (PES, EPAs, A/C and loading areas)

45
Q

what is the role of the TAC?

A

Temporarey ammunitions custodian

Officer/ SR/ LR nominated by the ERO

assists the SOOQ with safe managment and custody of all explosives after the EDP

LR only is special circumstance

46
Q

what are the responsibities of the LAET AV involved with OME?

A
  1. safe conduct of tasks involving explosives
  2. assisting sqdn/unit SOOQ or TAC with custody, handling and storage or stores received at the EDP
  3. supply, preperation and loading of explosive stores to A/C
  4. fitting and removal of EEDs
  5. replen of pyrotechnics
  6. under certain circumstance can be nominated for TAC with relavent training
47
Q

how often are inspections of stations PES carried out?

A

monthly. by the ERO OR ESAM

3 monthly. by HoE ESR

closing down. by person returning the key

48
Q

how is an explosive licence granted?

A

The inspector explosives (IE) will inspect the proposed stowage area of the explosives then authorise and issue explosives site licence

49
Q

how long is the explosives licence valid for?

A

licences have a max life of 5 years

50
Q

What does jsp MMER stand for and provide

A

JSP 862 MOD maritime explosives regulations (MMER) provides a uniform set of guidlines for safe

embarkation

storage

handling

and use of explosives on ships owned or operated by the MOD

51
Q

Ass looks sexy after ales

What does 862 part 1 entail?

A

JSP 862 part 1 surface ships addendum (contains platfdorm specific information)

(C.S.E.) certificate of safety explosives

(C.S.E.P.) certificate of saftey explosives prescription

(A.L.E.S.) authorised list of explosives stores

(S.E.X.S.S.I) ships explosives stores safety instruction

(R.A.S.S) replenishment at sea specifications

52
Q

ESA

what are the permanent quarters used for

A

magazines for permanent storage of explosives

Controled by OOQ

53
Q

what is the Temp quarters used for

A

a combination of RU lockers, weapon parks or paltforms where explosive scan be temporarily held

controlled by a TAC

54
Q

what is a Magazine?

A

a compartment of the ship designed for safe permamanet storage of explosives

55
Q

W - (TAMP)

what is the weapon test assembly magazine?

A

an compartment on the ship where explosives can be safely assembled, tested, maintained and prepped for use

56
Q

on ships what is the EDP?

A

explosives delivery point

formerly agreed positon detailed in SGO where explosives may be delivered

and responsibility transfered between ERO and SUO or representatives

57
Q

what is the approach compartment?

A

a compartment which has direct access to a compartment used for the storage of explosives,

under securty conditions this will be locked

58
Q

what is the adjacent compartment for?

A

compartment that shares decks, deckheads or bulkheads with the magazine

59
Q

what is a designated danger area

A

compartments and spaces that are not fitted for explosives or munitions but contain explosives or munitions, increasing hazard to the ship,

60
Q

where are the desginated danger areas?

A

weapons lifts

upper decks/ weapons parks

weapoms hoists / trunks

package examination rooms

weapon handling / transfer space

61
Q

onboard ship what is the job of the ERO?

A

explosives responsible officer

WEO/AEO on QNLZ class or DERO

ensures regulations for safety of all explosives is enforced,

and responsible for magazines and competence of OOQ saftey and handling of explosives

62
Q

on ship who is the OOQ and what is their job?

A

Officer of the quarter

Officer/ SR

responsible to the ERO

responsible for safe custody of explosives

63
Q

on board who is the DOOQ?

A

Officer of the quarter

Officer/ SR

responsible to the ERO

responsible for safe custody of explosives out of hours of the ERO or leave periods

64
Q

SOOQ

what is the role of the SUO?

A

specialist user officer

officers

temperarily responsible for explosives stores after the EDP

65
Q

what is the role of the TAC on board ship

A

Temporary ammunitions custodian

officer/SR

authorised by ERO for safe management of stores after the EDP of all explosives associated with the temp quarter listed in the explosives log

66
Q

what must a TAC do before taking up their duties?

A

before taking up thier duties the must pass an oral and practical examination for all quarters concerned carried out by the ERO, and certification to be recorded in the explosives saftey log

67
Q

What is the role of a CU on-board?

A

a person who is required to handle or operate explosive stores to meet operational requirments

all perons handling explosives stores must be supervised by a leading rate or above

68
Q

what is the role of the SAERO?

A

speciaist air explosives responsible officer

AEO

responsible to the ship SUO

responsible for the embarked OME safety, standards and practices for delegated tasks

69
Q

What is the role of the LO?

A

logistics officer

officer

responsible for the accounting of OME in accordance with JSP886

70
Q

when and by who are the explosives quarters checked?

A

daily inspections

ERO/DERO/OOQ/DOOQ/TAC another duty officer nominated by XO

weekly inspection

ERO/DERO

closing down inspections

CU

CU are not to conduct daily inspections of the permanent or temp stowage

71
Q

STOCKFULL

when inspecting explosives what key points do you pay attention to?

A

STOWAGES - stores are secured, pins, battens, securing clips are correctly in place. containers clean an extra attention to spaces

TEMPERATURE - correct and recorded

OILS AND GREASES - Leaks or oily rags

CLIPS - water tight doors, hatches, hoist and oil-tight manholes are servicable and secure

KEYS - doors and hatches are locked and keys contolled

FIREFIGHTING - spraying arrangements are portable fire fighting equipment is servicable free from leaks and in place, no materials that could be a fire hazard present, clear access to fire-fighting boundary

UNAUTHORISED ITEMS - no article that is not on the magazine designated capacity list in the magazine

LIDS - lids of all containers secured properly

LIGHTS - all electrical equipment including lights to be switched off, when magazine is not in use

72
Q

when and by who are the adjacent compartments to be checked?

A

DAILY - all adjacent compartments are to be checked internally by an authorised person of the appropriate department

SILENT HOURS - all unlocked adjacent compartments are to be inspected daily during silent hours (0100-0600) and machines are to be checked hourly

SECURITY CHECKS - all locked adjacent compartments are to be checked once during silent hours paying extra attention to locks and doors for security against unauthorised entry

WEEKLY - all adjacent compartments are to be inspected internally by the OOQ

MONTHLY - all adjacent compartments to be checked monthly by the ERO/DERO

73
Q

who’s responsibility is the explosives log, and who control it?

A

XO

Damage control watch keeper

74
Q

how do you ID the magazine and important keys

A

Magazine keys round tally

Armament important keys diamond tally

75
Q

name the 3 security states

A

security conditions - normal condition during peacetime, all doors and hatches are to be kept locked

operational access condition - certain operational before conditions may direct the munitions to be unlocked, allowing quick access to munitions, the remainder remain in locked under security conditions

access condition - during times of war or operational readiness the decision not to lock the magazines my be ordered by the CO

76
Q

who can issue munitions?

A

with a 1418A firing order and signature from SUO

77
Q

what does the term casualty weapon mean?

A

casualty weapon is used to describe a damaged, defective, misfired or failed to function explosive store where reliability has safety implication

78
Q

what does form S285A consist of?

A

list of persons keys can be issued to

list of keys to be kept on the magazine keyboard

list of explosives stowages

list of adjacent compartments to be inspected

79
Q
A

AV Laet QC (13 decks)

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