explanations of forgetting : Retrieval failure Flashcards

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1
Q

Retrieval failure

A

A form of forgetting and occurs when we don’t have the necessary cues to access memory. The memory is available but not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided

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2
Q

Encoding Specificity principle

A

Tulving states that if a cue is to help us recall information it has to be present at encoding and at retrieval. If the cues present at encoding and retrieval are different then forgetting occurs

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3
Q

Two types of retrieval failure

A

Context dependent forgetting and state dependant forgetting

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4
Q

Context dependent forgetting ( Godden and Baddeley- procedure)

A

Divers learned a list of words either underwater or on land and then asked to recall the words either underwater or on land

Learn on land-recall on land
Learn on land- recall underwater
Learn underwater- recall underwater
Learn underwater- recall on land

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5
Q

Context dependent forgetting ( Godden and Baddeley- findings)

A

accurate recall was 40% lower in the non matching conditions. The external cues available at learning were different from the ones at recall and this led to retrieval failure

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6
Q

State dependent forgetting (Carter and Cassaday) Procedure

A

Gave anti-histamines to their ppts making them feel slightly drowsy. This created an internal physiological state different from the normal state of being awake and alert. PPTs then had to learn a list of words and then recall.
4 conditions:

Learn on drug-recall when on it
Learn on drug- recall when not on it
Learn not on drug-Recall when on it
Learn not on it- recall when not on it

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7
Q

State dependent forgetting (Carter and Cassaday) Findings

A

In the conditions where there was a mismatch between internal state at learning and recall, performance on the memory test was significantly worse. SO when state dependent cues are absent, then there is more forgetting

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