explanations for forgetting: retrieval failure Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the encoding specificity principle

A

the cues available at recall need to be the same specific cues that were there at learning

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2
Q

what is context dependent forgetting

A

at recall we lack the external cues that were present at learning/encoding

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3
Q

what is state dependent forgetting and what are the two categories

A

at recall we lack the internal cues that were present at learning

  • physiological
  • psychological
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4
Q

support for context dependent forgetting

A
  • Godden and Baddeley - scuba divers, 4 conditions, best recall when learnt and recalled in same context
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5
Q

support for state dependent forgetting

A
  • Carter and Cassady - antihistamines, 4 conditions, highest recall when in same internal states for learning and recall
  • Lowe - alcohol, 4 conditions, highest recall when in same internal states for learning and recall, highest recall when drunk
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6
Q

weaknesses of retrieval failure explanation

A
  • has to be dramatically different between coding and recall - unlike day-to-day experiences, lacks ecological validity + doesn’t explain why we forget when things are similar
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7
Q

strengths of retrieval failure explanation

A

practical application
- revision, use memorable cues
- cognitive interview - reinstate context

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