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researching inequalities > explaining gender inequalities > Flashcards

explaining gender inequalities Flashcards

1
Q

feminism - first wave 1850s

A
  • reforming social and legal ienqualtity affecting women
  • educational disadvantages
    right to vote (1928)
  • women granted access to hgiher education and employment
  • child, property and marriage rights
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2
Q

feminism - second wave 1960-70s

A
  • campaigns for social change
  • oppression in the private sphere
    national womens liberation movement conference 1970
  • equal job/pay and education opportunities
  • financial independance
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3
Q

feminism - third wave 1990s

A

diverse and individualistic due to globalisation
- recognised different aspects of identity
- changes to traditional sexuality ideas, gender roles and stereotypes

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4
Q

feminism - fourth wave 21st century

A

contested concept
- use the internet to bring change
- everyday sexism project
- online organisation like mumsnet

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5
Q

liberal feminism

A

gender inequality are as a result of gender role socialisation
- reinforcing norms and values will bring equality through legislation

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6
Q

liberal feminism - oakley 1974

A

gender role family socialisation, manipulation and canalisation
- teach expected behaviours for their sex

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7
Q

liberal feminism evaluation

A

radical and marxist - they fail to explain how male and female hold difference powers
- overly optimistic about progress

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8
Q

marxist feminism

A

patriarchal and capitalist societies where social class affects the life chances of women

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9
Q

marxist feminism - dominant ideologies

A

women are meant to inherit the dominant ideology because
- they reproduce the next gen of workers adn socialise them to benefit capitalism
- domestic work in unapid
- women soothe stress of a working man
- reserve army of labour

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10
Q

marxist feminism evaluation

A

emphasises of social class yet
- postmodernisms believe class is not significant
- radical feminists argue that patriarchy is more important

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11
Q

radical feminism

A

society is run by men and in their interest, they are advantaged
- they establish patriarchal ideologies that state gender division and womens natural roles

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12
Q

radical feminism - millett 1970

A

men aquire power through biological differences
modern tech has meant that men can no longer legitimate their domiantion

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13
Q

radical feminism - johnson 1995

A

patriarchal terrorism: the control fo women, systematic use of violence and economic subordination
- 30% of women experience physical/sexual abuse globally

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14
Q

radical feminism evaluation

A

doesnt acknowledge variations of families in social classes and ethnic groups
- liberal feminists argue that progress has been made

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15
Q

feminism - walby intersectionality

A

recognises the complex interplay of different forms of social inequality

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16
Q

feminism - walby intersectionality - patriarchal structures of disadvantage

A
  1. paid employment
  2. household
  3. the state
  4. cultural institutions
  5. sexuality
  6. violence
17
Q

feminism - hakim preference theory

A

women have preferences and make rational decisions
- they chose part time work to ensure they can care for children and do housework
- men and women have relative levels of importance

18
Q

feminism - hakin preference theory - 3 classifications of work/lifestyle preferences

A
  • home centred
  • adaptive
  • work centred
19
Q

functionalism

A

men and women have seperate roles based on biological differences leading to divisions of labour

20
Q

functionalism - murdock 1949

A

studied 200 societies where
- women homebound because of their biological ability to bear children

21
Q

functionalist - parsons and bales 1955

A
  • men are instrumental and practical roles
  • women are expressive and caring roles
22
Q

functionalist - rastogi 2002 human capital theory

A

human capital is the knowledge competency, attitude and behaviour embedded in an individual
- explains the wage gap and employment differences
- incomes vary depending on investment put into developing human capital

23
Q

functionalism evaluation

A
  • oakley shows that gender roles are socially constructed
  • human capital theory ignores structural constraints in society
  • does not keep pace with social changes
  • refer to experience of white middle class people
24
Q

new right

A

gender roles are biologically determined
- womens are centred in the family
- nuclear family is essential for a stable and functional society

25
Q

new right - schlafly response to feminism

A

marriage is the most fulfilling role for a women
- women are built to encourage and support the man with his physical attributes
- career success doesnt compare to satisfaction and reward of caring for a child

26
Q

new right - schlafly evaluation

A
  • biological differences for gender segregated roles have not been proven
  • ignores negative effects of traditional gender roles
  • the golden age never truly existed
27
Q

marxism

A

exploited/exploiter relationship is translated into the household
capitalism allowed men to take control of women within the nuclear family

28
Q

marxism - marxist feminist

A

women support capitalism through unpaid domestic labour and their position as the reserve army of labour

29
Q

neo marxism

A

social structure is based on the dominance of some groups over another EG in marriages
- groups can be differentiated as minority and majority depending of the level of resources and power

30
Q

marxism - evaluation

A
  • overemphasises class and economic factors on oppression of women
  • focuses on macro structural issues and neglect interaction based views
  • conspiracy that bourgeoisie are unified
31
Q

marxism - postmodernism evlauation

A

marxists view are outdated because class is no a valid differentiation between gender roles

32
Q

weberianism

A

status helps with occupational segregation
horizontal segregation: difference in women and male roles across occupations - different hierarchy

33
Q

weberianism - equal opportunities commission (2004) explanations for horizontal segregation

A
  • human capital theory
  • perceptions about different careers
  • employer discrimination
  • systematic barriers
34
Q

weberiansim - vertical segregation

A

mens domination in higher ranking jobs
- glass ceiling, concrete ceiling, glass elevator

35
Q

weberianism - barron and norris 1976 dual labour market

A

primary labour market: well paid, secure beneficial is concentrated with men
secondary market: lower pay, unsecure and fewer benefits concentrated with women due to the domination of men in primary

36
Q

weberianism evaluation

A
  • doesnt explain why the groups are segregated in labour markets
  • the three dimensions examine are interrelated

researching inequalities (10 decks)

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