class inequalities patterns and trends

Question 1

life chances - weber (1948)

Answer 1

described how some members of society had much better opportunities to achieve things in life most people would see as desirable

Question 2

family resources survey - income

Answer 2

government sponsered survey which porvides information on living conditions

Question 3

annual survey of hours and earnings- income

Answer 3

levels, distribution and makeup of earnings and hours worked for employers in all industries

Question 4

british households panel survey - income

Answer 4

longitudinal survey

Question 5

trends in income distribution

Answer 5

the government takes more in taxes from the rich than the poor
2013 - poorest 5th paid less in tax than the rich, relative to their incomes however, poorest 5th paid 38% of their income and rich paid 34% of their income

Question 6

ONS definitions of wealth

Answer 6

• propety wealth
• physical wealth
• financial wealth
• private pension wealth

Question 7

problems with measuring wealth

Answer 7

• not straightforward
• calculating value of asset
• obtaining data on wealth
• distinguishing wealth from income
• wealth can be in forms of shares

Question 8

the birmingham commission report 2013

Answer 8

• inequalities occur in different ways]
• wealth affects physical and mental wellbeing, education and employment opportunities
• low levels of income reduce ability to avoid debt
• in the middle of wealth distribution have housing or pension wealth or the ability to accumulate
• those at the top have seen huge increases in their income

Question 9

work and employment

Answer 9

hierarchy of occupations with higher status jobs, privileged workers in skilled and status occupations

Question 10

work and employment - rewards

Answer 10

• financial
• power and control
• job satisfaction
• status
• opportunities for advancement
• job security

Question 11

absolute poverty

Answer 11

lack of basic necessities to survive

Question 12

relative poverty

Answer 12

judging whether a persons income is enough to exclude them from a normal lifestyle

Question 13

houesholds below average income

Answer 13

defines low income as being below 60% of the median on the income scale

Question 14

consensual measure of poverty

Answer 14

askign a series of representative focus groups which a list of items they regarded as necessities
- items rated as necessities by 50% of the respondents were included in the list

Question 15

social mobility - intergenerational mobility

Answer 15

mobility between generations

Question 16

social mobility - intragenerational

Answer 16

movment between classes by an individual

Question 17

problems with researching social mobility

Answer 17

• classifying occupations
• mobility of women
• mobility of very rich and poor
• current aptterns of social mobility

Question 18

oxford mobility study - goldthorpe

Answer 18

chances had increase for the younger generation of men to end up in service class
- 1:2:4 rule of relative hope