Explainations for forgetting

Question 1

Interference?

Answer 1

An explaination for forgetting in terms of one memory disrupting the ability to recall another.

Question 2

When may this occur?

Answer 2

When the memories are similar to one and other. (response competition)
Or when there is a large gap between when the two factors had been learnt.

Question 3

Proactive interference?

Answer 3

Past learning interferes with current attempts to learn something.

Question 4

Retroactive interference?

Answer 4

Current attempts to learn something interfere with past learning.

Question 5

Underwood (1957)? (proactive study)

Answer 5

Gave some pps a low amount of word lists to remember and some a high amount of word lists to remember. Those with the lower number to memorise recalled 70% the next day in comparison to the other pps 20%

Question 6

Muller and Pilzecker (1900)? (retroactive interference)

Answer 6

Gave pps a list of nonsense syllables and asked the recall after a retention interval. They found worse recall performance for the pps that did a task during the interval.

Question 7

Real world study, Baddely and Hitch (1977)

(evaluation point)?

Answer 7

Rugby players, those who played full season recalled the names of the teams played throught worse than those that got injured during the season. Proves retroactive interference and disproves decay theory.

Question 8

Evaluation point 2?

Answer 8

Research is artificial and lab based, lack of motivation to remember, low ecological validity.

Question 9

Retrieval failure?

Answer 9

An explanation for forgetting involving failing to retrieve a memory that is available but not accessible. Occurs due to a lack of cues.

Question 10

Cues?

Answer 10

Things that serve as reminder, environmental cues (a room) or mental state cues (being sad or drunk)

Question 11

The encoding specifity principle? (Tulving and Thompson)

Answer 11

-Memory is most effective if info that was present at encoding is also available at the time of retrieval

Question 12

Context dependent cues?

Answer 12

-The external environment works as cues for memory (smells, sights, sounds).

Question 13

Research supporting context dependant? (Godden and Badeely)

Answer 13

• Taught scuba divers new material,
• Some where taught on land some where taught in water.
• Those taught in water could recall the new material best when they were also in the water.

Question 14

State dependant forgetting?

Answer 14

Internal environment work as cues to memory, emotional state (emotions, drugs, state of arousal)

Question 15

Supporting research state dependant? (Goodwin et al)

Answer 15

-The same as scuba diving but with being sober and being drunk.

Question 16

Real world applications (evaluation point)

Answer 16

• canbhelp students for revision

- has helped police with them using cues in the cognitive interview.

Question 17

Negative evaluation of interference

Answer 17

• only explains a temporary loss of memory.

- only explains loss of memory when memories are similar.

Question 18

negative eval

Answer 18

most studies lack mundane realism into forgetting.