Expertise

Question 1

what is an ability?

Answer 1

general trait of a person; determinant of potential for specific skill performance

Question 1

factors that contribute to individual differences

Answer 1

body type, fitness level, motivation, learning style, attitude

Question 2

what is a motor ability?

Answer 2

an ability specifically related to a motor skill, genetically determined

Question 3

motor skill vs motor ability

Answer 3

motor skills come from practice, countless and depend on motor abilities

Question 4

what is the Matthew effect?

Answer 4

birthday is earlier in the year therefore they are slightly more advanced (body composition, information processing) compared to other players born later

Question 5

Fleishman’s Taxonomy: perceptual-motor abilities

Answer 5

response integration, reaction time, finger dexterity, arm-hand steadiness

Question 6

Fleishman’s Taxonomy: physical proficiency abilities

Answer 6

explosive, static and trunk strength, flexibility, movement speed, endurance

Question 7

what is a global motor ability?

Answer 7

stable trait that supports various different motor abilities

Question 8

what are differences in skill-ability interaction?

Answer 8

two players utilizing motor abilities in different ways to be proficient at a motor skill (dribbling in soccer - subjective to the player specifically)

Question 9

how do we predict expertise?

Answer 9

understand underlying motor abilities, estimating strength within players and estimating potential motor skill ability about players

Question 10

motor abilities required for skills: novice vs expert

Answer 10

abilities needed differ for novice compared to expert performance; someone can have all needed for novice but never become an expert because they lack those abilities

Question 11

what is the effectiveness of skill prediction?

Answer 11

generally ineffective; # of underlying abilities is large and lack of data in understanding specific abilities needed

Question 12

what is an expert?

Answer 12

a person who is located at the extreme right end of the learning stages

Question 13

development of expertise requires:

Answer 13

deliberate practice and skills across different domains (cognition, perception, skill execution and emotional control)

Question 14

what is gaze behaviour?

Answer 14

used to denote perceptual-cognitive processes; provides information about where overt attention is located

Question 15

characteristics of expert gaze behaviour include:

Answer 15

fixations on task-relevant areas and shorter fixation durations (monitoring and confirmation of no error)

Question 16

what is the expert scan pattern?

Answer 16

patterns of fixations and saccades over a period of time; very structured

Question 17

what are errors in scan pattern?

Answer 17

search error (not looking in the right area), recognition error (failure to comprehend significance) and decision error (increased time spent looking at significance but choose not to identify)

Question 18

what is the quiet eye?

Answer 18

steady fixation just before movement initiation; longer with experts and found across many sports

Question 19

quiet eye mechanisms:

Answer 19

movement programming (fine tuning or movement parameters) and attentional focus (allocation of attention and processing of relevant cues)