Expertise Flashcards
what is an ability?
general trait of a person; determinant of potential for specific skill performance
factors that contribute to individual differences
body type, fitness level, motivation, learning style, attitude
what is a motor ability?
an ability specifically related to a motor skill, genetically determined
motor skill vs motor ability
motor skills come from practice, countless and depend on motor abilities
what is the Matthew effect?
birthday is earlier in the year therefore they are slightly more advanced (body composition, information processing) compared to other players born later
Fleishman’s Taxonomy: perceptual-motor abilities
response integration, reaction time, finger dexterity, arm-hand steadiness
Fleishman’s Taxonomy: physical proficiency abilities
explosive, static and trunk strength, flexibility, movement speed, endurance
what is a global motor ability?
stable trait that supports various different motor abilities
what are differences in skill-ability interaction?
two players utilizing motor abilities in different ways to be proficient at a motor skill (dribbling in soccer - subjective to the player specifically)
how do we predict expertise?
understand underlying motor abilities, estimating strength within players and estimating potential motor skill ability about players
motor abilities required for skills: novice vs expert
abilities needed differ for novice compared to expert performance; someone can have all needed for novice but never become an expert because they lack those abilities
what is the effectiveness of skill prediction?
generally ineffective; # of underlying abilities is large and lack of data in understanding specific abilities needed
what is an expert?
a person who is located at the extreme right end of the learning stages
development of expertise requires:
deliberate practice and skills across different domains (cognition, perception, skill execution and emotional control)
what is gaze behaviour?
used to denote perceptual-cognitive processes; provides information about where overt attention is located
characteristics of expert gaze behaviour include:
fixations on task-relevant areas and shorter fixation durations (monitoring and confirmation of no error)
what is the expert scan pattern?
patterns of fixations and saccades over a period of time; very structured
what are errors in scan pattern?
search error (not looking in the right area), recognition error (failure to comprehend significance) and decision error (increased time spent looking at significance but choose not to identify)
what is the quiet eye?
steady fixation just before movement initiation; longer with experts and found across many sports
quiet eye mechanisms:
movement programming (fine tuning or movement parameters) and attentional focus (allocation of attention and processing of relevant cues)
