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KIN 357 > Attention and Feedback > Flashcards

Attention and Feedback Flashcards

1
Q

what is attention?

A

fixed pool of mental resources available for information processing

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2
Q

overt vs covert attention

A

overt uses gaze fixation and covert does not

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3
Q

if demands exceed attention resources:

A

takes will become more difficult; cannot multi-task

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4
Q

what is selective attention?

A

ability to select a subset of information from larger set ex. listening to one headphone

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5
Q

what is sustained attention?

A

ability to maintain direct focus during continuous or repetitive activity ex. RT task of specific number press

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6
Q

what is divided attention?

A

ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks ex. dual-task

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7
Q

how do we allocate attentional resources?

A

ensure completion of one task, meaningfulness of event (bottom-up control) and momentary intentions (top-down control - higher level)

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8
Q

what is highway hypnosis?

A

sustained attention causing failure to maintain vigilance and detect stimulus and divided attention due to intensity of all attended elements is lost

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9
Q

what is controlled processing?

A

slow, attention demanding, serial and volitional ex. taping head and rubbing stomach

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10
Q

what is automatic processing?

A

fast, not attention demanding, organized in parallel and involuntary ex. pro saccade

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11
Q

what is the psychological refractory period?

A

increased time to respond to stimulus when presented closely after other stimulus (reached point of no return) ex. bottleneck theory

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12
Q

sport example of PRP:

A

fake-out; S1 (fake) would go into bottleneck and S2 would not be comprehended until S1 is complete

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13
Q

sensorimotor integration and attention:

A

increase in cortical excitability of attended body part ex. MEP in hand, overt attention will increase excitability

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14
Q

what is associative focus:

A

focus on bodily sensations generated by performance

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15
Q

what is dissociative focus?

A

blocking out bodily sensations from performance ex. pain

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16
Q

what is broad focus:

A

focus on many aspects of performance (divided attention)

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17
Q

what is narrow focus?

A

focus on subset of performance aspects (selective attention)

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18
Q

what is internal focus?

A

focus on the body’s actions

19
Q

what is external focus?

A

focus on the outcome achieved by the body’s actions

20
Q

benefits of external focus:

A

results in greater learning; retention is higher

21
Q

what is the constrained action hypothesis?

A

use of internal focus causes interference in automatic process results in decreased performance (integration/organization is disrupted)

22
Q

support for CAH:

A

external focus is related to task automaticity, increased correction of body movements and more efficient motor planning (faster)

23
Q

evidence against CAH:

A

internal focus is better for novices; increased attention to task and focus of attention

24
Q

attention and motor control:

A

external focus improves accuracy but increases trial by trial variability (to explore different kinematic approaches)

25
Q

key consideration of external focus:

A

focus should be closer to the body and increase distance away as skill progresses

26
Q

what is choking under pressure?

A

occurs in high pressure situation; increase in self-consciousness and creates internal focus causing disruption of automatic skill; also creates a dual-task environment (demand exceeds mental resources)

27
Q

what is feedback?

A

information that performer received related to skill performance

28
Q

intrinsic vs extrinsic feedback

A

intrinsic is internal information generated (proprioception, exteroceptive); extrinsic is not self-generated (from coach/teammate)

29
Q

KR feedback:

A

extrinsic feedback related to outcome; critical if there is lack on intrinsic feedback

30
Q

KP feedback:

A

extrinsic feedback related to movement characteristics used; shows positive and negative aspects of movement

31
Q

descriptive vs prescriptive KP:

A

descriptive is about prior movement and prescriptive is used in future movements

32
Q

characteristics of feedback:

A

general (novice), specific (expert), qualitative (novice), quantitative (expert), external focus (both), internal focus (none), correctness or error

33
Q

what is concurrent feedback?

A

KP only, feedback during movement; no errors so little learning occurs

34
Q

feedback after movement:

A

can be KR or KP, more effective in producing sustained changes, allows time for reflection

35
Q

what is the feedback delay interval?

A

time after movement for learner to reflect internally then providing feedback (delayed KR or KP)

36
Q

what is post-feedback delay interval?

A

time after feedback is given to the learner to allow them to process internally and find way to use the feedback for next movement

37
Q

augmented feedback:

A

creates feedback dependency and can hinder learning; guides behaviour towards incorrect movement

38
Q

faded feedback:

A

feedback frequency is high in early practice and reduced; makes learner generate intrinsic feedback

39
Q

bandwidth feedback:

A

feedback when errors go out of certain range of correctness (tolerance range); decreased error feedback unless they are very off

40
Q

summary feedback:

A

feedback about series of trials; cannot associate feedback to specific trial; encourages intrinsic feedback; some limitation with working memory (qualitative)

41
Q

average feedback:

A

augmented feedback that presents average of two or more trials; shows error tendency (quantitative)

42
Q

learner-determined feedback:

A

schedule of feedback is determined by the learner

43
Q

motivating feedback:

A

KR encourages practice, shows increased retention of skill and accuracy with positive feedback

KIN 357 (4 decks)

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