Expert System CH2

Question 1

What is Expert System?

Answer 1

• is a computer program that can do the work of a human expert

Question 2

Components of expert system in AI

Answer 2

1. User Interface
   - allow normal user to interact with the expert system easily
2. Inference Engine
   - gather relevant data from knowledge base, interpret it, and find solution (main processing unit of the system)
3. Knowledge Base
   - expert systems store knowledge in the form of rules, facts, and heuristics.

Question 3

Inference Engine

Answer 3

applies logical rules to the knowledge base
1. Forward Chaining
- uses inference rules and data to derive more rules to reach conclusion (data-driven reasoning)
- what can happened next? like predicting the weather
2. Backward Chaining
- it works its way back to the goal
- moves from the goal state back to the current state like cause of cancer
- goal-directed reasoning
- why did this happened?

Question 4

Application of Expert Systems

Answer 4

Have been developed for a wide ranges of fields
1. Medical Diagnosis
- MYCIN
2. Prediction
3. Accounting and Finance
4. Designing
5. Planning

Question 5

Knowledge Acquisition

Answer 5

• the process of extracting, structuring and organising knowledge.

Question 6

Knowledge Representation

Answer 6

• a fundamental concept in AI that involves creating models and structures to represent information
• objects, events, performance, meta-knowledge, facts, and knowledge base are different kinds of knowledge

Question 7

Knowledge Validation

Answer 7

• a process of testing to determining whether the knowledge in AI system is correct and whether it operates with an acceptable accuracy

Question 8

Characteristics of an Expert System

Answer 8

• high performance
• understandable
• reliable
• highly responsive

Question 9

Phases of Expert System Development Life Cycle

Answer 9

STEP 1 Identification - determine the problem
STEP 2 Conceptualization - finding concept that produce solution
STEP 3 Formalization - design structures to organise knowledge
STEP 4 - Implementation - formulating rules for knowledge
STEP 5 Testing - Validating the rules

Question 10

Advantage and Disadvantage of Expert System

Answer 10

ADVANTAGE
- availability
- low risks
- speed
DISADVANTAGE
- Difficult knowledge acquisition
- High Cost
- Unable to provide logic behind reasons