Experimentation and Experimental Design D-1 to D-6 Flashcards
Extrinsic variability assumes behavioral variability is not:
inherent to the individual
Experimentation is the basic strategy to:
collect and test information
Experimental design:
Specific arrangement of
environmental conditions within an experiment
Experimental control is demonstrated when behavior changes in
predictable and orderly manner
External validity:
Extent to which results are
Extended to individuals, settings, or behavior
History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, diffusion of treatment, etc.: Examples of
threats to internal validity
Threat to internal validity:
Other events or changes coincide with IV introduction
history
Threat to internal validity:
Natural development or learning experiences coincide with IV:
maturation
THreat to internal validity:
DV changes from repeated exposure to experimental arrangements:
testing
Threat to internal validity:
Changes in data due to measurement system
instrumentation
Threat to internal validity:
inadvertent exposure of treatment to control
Threat to internal validity:
Changes due to baseline not representing natural state of events
regression towards the mean
Threat to internal validity:
Participant assignments may bias the outcome
selection bias
Threat to internal validity
attrition
Extraneous variables:
Unrelated events to the
IV may affect the DV
Confounds:
Uncontrolled variables that influence the
dependent variable (DV)
Confounds can be
known or suspected
Multiple-treatment interference:
Analysis results are affected by:
2 or more treatments being combined
Sequence effects:
DV effects attributed to:
Order of experimental control
Carryover effects:
Behavior patterns:
extend from 1 condition into a subsequent condition
Demonstrative analysis:
Seeks to determine
if an intervention is effective
Parametric analysis:
Analyzes
effects of various levels of the IV
Component analysis:
Identifies
which part of a compound IV is producing behavior change
Comparative analysis:
Analyzes differential effects of
2 or more IVs on the DV
Group designs:
Different individuals in the
experimental and control conditions
Single-case designs:
Individuals serve
as their own control
Single-case designs:
Observed through
repeated observations over time
Baseline
measure of DV before implementing IV
Phase change:
Moving from
1 set of environmental conditions to another
Baseline logic compares
predicted and actual values of behavior
Baseline logic:
3 parts
prediction verification, replication
Baseline logic helps determine
effects of the IV
A-B design
1 baseline is followed by 1 intervention phase
Reversal design
baseline and experimental conditions alternate
2 variables of experiementation
Idependent and depedndent variable
Experimental designs seek to demonstrate ;
functional relation
2 types of validity in experimental design
internal and external validity
Confounds in experimental design
multiple-treatment interference
sequence effects
carryover effects
Group designs:
Control is
between groups
Group designs:
IV exposure in
1 condition
Group designs:
Numbers/observations
large numbers, few observations
Group designs:
Data analysis through
statistics
Group designs:
IV introduction is
randomized and matched
Group designs:
Generalization through
random selection and assignment
Single-case designs:
Control is
within individuals
Single-case designs:
IV exposure in
all conditions
Single-case designs:
Numbers/observations
small numbers, many observations
Single-case designs:
Data analysis through
visual analysis
Single-case designs:
IV introduction when
DV is stable
Single-case designs:
Generalization through
replication
Basis for all other experimental designs:
A-B design
