Experimental Studies Flashcards
Study subjects are enrolled and randomly assigned to intervention or an alternative (e.g., no treatment, placebo, standard therapy, alternative therapy) and followed over a specified time period of observation during which outcome incidence data are collected.
Randomized controlled trial
RCT are interested in multiple _____
outcomes
In RCT, the population is amenable to _____
follow-up
This study evaluates pharmaceuticals, procedures, devices, screening and diagnostic procedures,
preventive measures, policy/organizational changes, or community interventions: ____
RCT
In RCT, the _______ relationship is clear (advantage)
temporal
In RCT, one can theoretically prevent ______ (advantage)
confounding
In RCT, there are strong claims for _______ (advantage)
causality
Type of study that is expensive, resource-intensive, and time-consuming?
RCT
May have challenges with _____ in RCT
compliance
In RCT, loss-to-follow up and drop-out threaten ____
validity
In RCT, ______ validity may be limited
external
RCT analysis includes ________
Descriptive statistics
RCT possible measures of occurrence are:
risk difference (RD), risk ratio (RR), incidence rate difference (IRD), incidence rate ratio (IRR), odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), Number needed to treat (NNT)