Experimental procedures Flashcards
What are the different routes of drug administration?
Systemic: either enteral or parenteral.
Enteral means that the compound is taken via the GI tract (orally or rectally). No aseptic techniques necessary
Parenteral: not via GI tract. So injections, inhalation and cutenous. Aseptic techniques necessary!
Local: topical via ointments and creams
cuteneous or via mucous membrane
First pass effect
Hepatic metabolism of compound
The greater the first pass effects the less will reach the systemic circulation.
Injection techniques (4)
Subcutaneous
Intrapertioneal
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Subcutaenous injections
Angled injection, most often in neck scruff or in the flanks.
- It can houses relatively large volumes
- Relatively slow absorption rate
- Can be irritating
Intraperitoneal injection
Pay attention to avoid internal organs. Inject with angle of 45 degrees.
- Uptake fast due to vasculature
- Large volumes
Intramuscular injection
Loodrechte injectie
hind limb, pay attention of sciatic nerve.
- Fast uptake due to lot of vasculature
- Quick onset of action
- Small volumes necessary!! In order to prevent
pain and tissue/nerve damage
- Local pain, bit more invasive and discomfort
- Very limited on how often you can inject
Intravenous injection
- Tail vein in mice/rats (palpate tail/warm water
to make tail vein more visible) - Ear vein in rabbits
- Fastest uptake of all techniques
- Be careful to inject no air bubbles
- Sterile!
Cutaneous administration
Epidermally: local effect
Transdermally: systemic effect
TBV in mice and rats
Total Blood Volume
Mice: 72 ml/kg
Rats: 64 ml/kg
10% TBV can be safely removed on a single occasion, with fluid replacement up to 15% Replacement fluids can be given subcutaneously and should be warmed.
A max of 1% TBV can be removed every 24h.
