Experimental Design And Natura Selection

Question 1

Null hypothesis:

Answer 1

A guess that there’s no real difference or relationship between things. Scientists test this idea to see if the evidence supports it or there is a meaningful difference/connection.

Question 2

Alternate hypothesis:

Answer 2

A statement in statistical testing that purposes there is a significant difference, effect, or relationship between groups/variable. It contrasts with the null hypothesis and serves as the assertion that researchers aim to support if the evidence is strong enough, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

Question 3

Dependent variable:

Answer 3

What you measure in an experiment. Depends on the changes you make to the independent variable.

Question 4

Independent variable:

Answer 4

What you change in an experiment to see how it might affect the dependent variable, which is what you measure.

Question 5

Natural selection:

Answer 5

The differential survival and reproduction of variant individuals within a population.

Question 6

Biological fitness

Answer 6

The relative contribution each individual makes to the next and subsequent generations.

Question 7

Gene pool:

Answer 7

Total set of genes and genetic variations present in a population/species.

Question 8

Directional selection:

Answer 8

Individuals with phenotypic traits at one extreme of a range are favoured over the other phenotypes, leading to a shift in the frequency of that trait in a population.

Question 9

Sexual selection:

Answer 9

Type of natural selection that operates specifically on traits related to mating success and reproductive fitness.

Question 10

Tradeoffs:

Answer 10

Achieving one desirable outcome requires sacrificing another desirable outcome.