Experimental Design Flashcards
what are 5 examples of cognitive bias?
- availibility bias
- causation bias
- clustering illusion bias
- confirmation bias
- appeal to emotion bias
what influences availability bias?
- influenced by things nearby or that happened recently (e.g. shark attack)
what is an example of causation bias?
- advertisement with attractive looking person wearing a certain brand of trainers. makes someone thing that getting the trainers makes you attractive when it doesn’t
what is an example of clustering illusion bias
- seeing a pattern in a random sequence of numbers/events
what is an example of confirmation bias?
- attributing all uncommon weather events to climate change
what is an example of appeal to emotion bias
- playing on the fear of needles to discourage vaccination
what type of thinking is ideal in scientific thinking? Slow or fast?
slow
what is blinding in animal studies
a strategy used in research where researchers in an experiments are kept unaware of the treattment or otehr intervention allocation the animals receive
what 2 things can blinding do
- reduce subjective bias and improve reliability
why is a control used in an experiment?
to ensure that the outcome of an experiment was due to your intervention and provides a baseline to compare the results to
what is reliability?
the extent to which experimental results can be repeated when the research is done again under the same conditions (AKA the measurement error)
what is reproducible research?
if someone else repeats the investigation and get similar results, the experiment is said to be reproducible
what are 6 reasons for low reproducibility
- data dredging
- omitting null results
- underpowered study
- weak experimental design
- underspecified methods
- technical errors
what are 4 ways to improve reproducibility?
- openly shared data
- pre-registration of the protocol
- collaboration
- automation to standardise practices.
