Experimental Design Flashcards
what are factorial designs?
experimental designs with more than one independent variable
what does the term “factor” refer to?
each manipulated independent variable
what are two-factorial designs?
experiments with two independent variables
what are experiments with two independent variables called?
two-factorial designs
what are factorial designs describes by?
described by the number of factors (independent variables) and the number of levels in each factor
A two-factorial design with two factors having two levels each is described as a …
2 x 2
what do the number of conditions correspond to?
the number of cells in the design
what are the different factorial designs?
- within-subject designs
- between-subject designs
- mixed designs
what is an interaction in factorial design?
In a factorial design, an interaction is said to occur when the effect of one independent variable
depends on the level of another independent variable.
what is a cross-over interaction?
In a cross-over interaction the effect of one variable reverses as a function of the other variable.
Furthermore, there is no main effects
what is a survey?
A survey is a structured set of questions or statements given to a group of people to measure their
attitudes, beliefs, values, or tendencies to act.
examples of questionaires
- paper
- online
- mailed
how can interviews be held?
- Live
- Telephone
what can be used for data acquisition for a survey?
- questionnaire
- interview
name formats of questions
- open-ended question
- closed question
what is an open-ended question?
participants provide narrative information
what is a closed question?
Participants should respond to pre-formulated answers.
what are the advantages of open-ended questions?
- eliciting a wide range of responses, including some not even conceived of by the researchers
- increase the sense of involvement of the respondents
what are the disadvantages of open-ended questions?
- open-ended questions are difficult to score
- take a lot of time to analyse
when are open-ended questions useful?
- asking an open-ended question at the end of closed questions
- using open-ended questions in a pilot study to get an idea of potential answers
types of closed questions?
- simple answer
- likert scale
what is an advantage of closed questions?
- Can be summarized in a quantitative way (e.g. means, standard deviation)
what should be considered when using closed questions?
- number of answer options (three, five, seven)
- some items should be formulated favourably and other unfavourably
- sequence of items (sensitive questions towards the end)
when should demographic information be added and why?
Should be added at the end (not to bore participants)