Experimental design

Question 1

Independent groups definition

Answer 1

a group of participants is divided into two
one group does the first condition
other group does the second condition
dependent variable for each group is measured and results are compared

Question 2

Independent groups evaluation

Answer 2

+
avoids order effects (fatigue)
-
more people needed than with repeated measures
differences in participants may affect results

Question 3

Repeated measures definition

Answer 3

participants take part in each condition of the independent variable

Question 4

Repeated measures evaluation

Answer 4

\+
same participants used for each variable therefore reduces individual differences
fewer people needed 
-
order effects

Question 5

How to reduce order effects?

Answer 5

Counterbalancing

Question 6

Matched pairs definition

Answer 6

participants are matched in terns of key variables e.g. age

one member of the pair is assigned to the experimental group and the other, the control group

Question 7

Matched pairs evaluation

Answer 7

\+
reduces participant variables 
avoids order effects
- 
time-consuming

Question 8

Ecological validity

Answer 8

degree to which the investigation represents real-life experiences

Question 9

Investigator effects

Answer 9

ways the investigator can accidentally influence the participant

Question 10

Demand characteristics

Answer 10

clues in an experiment that lead the participants to think they know what the researcher is looking for