Experiment I: Bonding And Chemical Properties

Question 0

What is the periodic trend for metallic character?

Answer 0

Metallic character decreases from left to right in the table and increases down a column

Question 1

What is the trend for atomic radii?

Answer 1

Radii decrease from left to right in the table and increase from top to bottom

Question 2

An ionic bond forms when:

Answer 2

A metal (that tends to lose electrons easily) combines with a nonmetal (which tend to attract electrons)

Question 3

A covalent bond forms when:

Answer 3

The electrons are shared by two bonded elements

Question 4

What is electro negativity?

Answer 4

The measure of an atoms ability to attract the bonding electron density to itself in a molecule

Symbol: X

Question 5

What is the periodic trend of electro negativity?

Answer 5

Increases from left to right and decreases down a column

Question 6

As the electro negativity difference becomes larger the bond between them becomes more _____ until the bonding pair of electrons is no longer shared but localized on the more electronegative element

Answer 6

Polar

Question 7

Bonds are primarily ____ when the electro negativity difference is greater than 2

Answer 7

Ionic

Question 8

What causes London forces?

Answer 8

Instantaneous dipoles that occur in a molecule which in turn induces temporary dipoles in adjacent molecules

Question 9

Hydrogen bonding only occurs between hydrogen and:

Answer 9

Oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine

Question 10

What is the difference in conductivity between ionic compounds and covalent compounds

Answer 10

Ionic compounds are generally good electrolytes in aqueous solution as the dissociate into ions. Covalent molecules do not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water so they are poor evtrolytes

Question 11

In oxides of the elements the ionic oxides are ____ and covalent oxides are ______.

Answer 11

Basic

Acidic

Question 12

The strength of an acid is a measure of how far the position of equilibrium falls towards

Answer 12

The products side

Question 13

What factors affect the position of equilibrium for an acid

Answer 13

a) ability if functional group to draw electrons from O-H bond
b) stability of the anion. (More stable = more likely to stay dissociated)

Question 14

What is the equation for the percent ionization/ percent dissociation

Answer 14

%Dissociation = (amount dissociated)/(original amount) x 100%
Or
%Dissociation= [HA]dissociated/[HA]initial x100%
Or
%Dissociation= [H3O+]dissociated/ [HA]initial