EXPERIMENT 8

Question 1

• is a term given for a diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Lipids are insoluble in what solvents?

Answer 2

Polar

Question 3

Lipids are soluble in what solvents?

Answer 3

Non polar solvents

Question 4

most encountered lipids

Answer 4

Triacylglycerols

Question 5

Structures of triacylglycerols

Answer 5

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 6

By what reaction does a triacylglycerols has?

Answer 6

condensation reaction

Question 7

Fats and oils are mixture of what?

Answer 7

Triacylglycerols

Question 8

 most noticeable difference between fats and oils

Answer 8

 physical state under room temperature

Question 9

rich in saturated fatty acids that have no bends in the structure

Answer 9

Fats

Question 10

unsaturated fatty acids that have a lot of bends in the structure causing disturbances in the forces of attraction between each molecule.

Answer 10

Oil

Question 11

 The other most encountered lipid

Answer 11

cholesterol

Question 12

Cholesterol are classified as

Answer 12

Steroids

Question 13

 are any molecules containing a 4-ring nucleus

Answer 13

Steroids

Question 14

conduct a simple test of miscibility/solubility for both coconut oil and cholesterol using polar and non-polar solvents.

Answer 14

1. MISCIBILITY/SOLUBILITY OF OIL AND CHOLESTEROL

Question 15

Formed layers in MISCIBILITY/SOLUBILITY OF OIL AND CHOLESTEROL

Answer 15

Immiscible

Question 16

remaining solid in liquid in Cholesterol in chloroform

Answer 16

Insoluble in solvent

Question 17

no remaining solid in liquid)

Answer 17

Soluble in solvent

Question 18

1 solution in Coconut oil in water

Answer 18

Miscible

Question 19

• In recognizing the presence of fats or oils in substances

Answer 19

II. GENERAL TESTS FOR TRIACYLGLYCEROLS

Question 20

simplest test for the presence of fats and oils

Answer 20

1. SPOT TEST

Question 21

• based on the fact that fats and oils leave a translucent spot on papers. This is because triacylglycerols are

Answer 21

non- volatile

Question 22

determine the presence of glycerol

Answer 22

2. ACROLEIN TEST

Question 23

this test can also be used as a general test for the presence of fats and oils.

Answer 23

2. ACROLEIN TEST

Question 24

dehydrating agent of ACROLEIN TEST

Answer 24

potassium bisulfate (KHSO4),

Question 25

attempts to identify some functional groups in triacylglycerol and some of its chemical properties when mixed or reacted with other substances.

Answer 25

CHEMICAL TESTS FOR TRIACYLGLYCEROL

Question 26

are fatty acids with no carbon-carbon double bond in its structure,

Answer 26

• Saturated fatty acids

Question 27

have at least one carbon-carbon double bonds.

Answer 27

• unsaturated fatty acids

Question 28

based on the principle that carbon- Carbon double bonds undergo addition reaction with halides,

Answer 28

IODINE NUMBER

Question 29

the development of unpleasant smell in fats and oils, which are often accompanied by changes in their texture and appearance.

Answer 29

2. Test for Rancidity

Question 30

• There are 2 chemical reactions that cause this to happen –

Answer 30

- hydrolysis - oxidation

Question 31

liberates free fatty acids

Answer 31

- hydrolysis

Question 32

oxidizes carbon-carbon double bonds into volatile aldehydes and ketones.

Answer 32

- oxidation

Question 33

• The test for________ is as simple as determining whether an oil or fat sample is acidic or not.

Answer 33

rancidity

Question 34

The following tests are used to determine quantitatively or qualitatively the presence of cholesterol in samples.

Answer 34

GENERAL TEST FOR CHOLESTEROL

Question 35

a quantitative test for the presence of cholesterol. It is done by adding acetic anhydride (C₄H₆O₃) and concentrated sulfuric acid(H 2 SO 4) in a cholesterol solution

Answer 35

2. Liebermann-Burchard Test

Question 36

1. Salkowski's Test reagent

Answer 36

sulfuric acid

Question 37

qualitative test for the presence of cholesterol. This is done by adding concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in a cholesterol solution.

Answer 37

1. Salkowski's Test

Question 38

2. Liebermann-Burchard Test reagent

Answer 38

acetic anhydride (C₄H₆O₃) and concentrated sulfuric acid(H 2 SO 4)

Question 39

dietary context, when we talk about fats, they are collectively referring to fats and oils present in food. • For this experiment, when we talk about fats, we really refer to

Answer 39

dietary triacylglycerols

Question 40

is a process in which compounds are separated based on their relative solubility.

Answer 40

• Solvent extraction

Question 41

This is done by extracting crushed food sample with a non- polar solvent allowing for the dissolution of fats into the solvent, leaving the polar macromolecules behind. The mixture of solvent and extracted fats is then filtered out, and the solvent is removed by evaporation.

Answer 41

• Solvent extraction

Question 42

g of food sample, and crush finely in a mortar and pestle.

Answer 42

5g

Question 43

mL of ether

Answer 43

25ml

Question 44

Wash the residue in the filter paper with

Answer 44

5 mL ether,

Question 45

Once cooled, add 5 mL chloroform into the beaker and mix.

Answer 45

5ml