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EXPESY > EXPEPSY lesson 3 > Flashcards

EXPEPSY lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

techniques that don’t manipulate antecedent conditions

A

NONEXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

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2
Q

events, circumstances, or actions that occur immediately before a behavior or event

A

Antecedent conditions

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3
Q

conditions that are needed prior to an experiment

A

Antecedent conditions

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4
Q

needed prior to the condition; alternatives; exp: randomization

A

Antecedent conditions

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5
Q

do not create levels of an independent variable nor randomly assign subjects to these levels

A

NONEXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES

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6
Q

used when experiments are not ethical or possible, or we want to test hypotheses in realistic conditions

A

NONEXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES

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7
Q

the degree to which a researcher can establish a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

A

INTERNAL VALIDITY

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8
Q

_ has high internal validity if it can demonstrate that only the antecedent conditions are responsible for group differences in behavior

A

Experiment

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9
Q

only the required conditions

A

Antecedent conditions

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10
Q

_ experiment allows us to draw cause-and-effect conclusions

A

Internally Valid Experiment

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11
Q

often achieve higher internal validity than nonexperimental studies

A

Experiments

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12
Q

often higher in internal validity because they control extraneous variables

A

Laboratory experiments

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13
Q

Researchers create levels of the IV and use procedures like matching and random assignment to conditions

A

INTERNAL VALIDITY

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14
Q

Degree to which research findings can be generalized to other settings and individuals.

A

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

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15
Q

achieve higher external validity than laboratory experiments

A

Nonexperimental studies

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16
Q

More frequently conducted in real-world settings with a more diverse sample of participants than experiments

A

Nonexperimental studies

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17
Q

setting is controlled = internal validity is established

A

EXPERIMENT

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18
Q

Can be good at showing one thing causes another

A

INTERNAL VALIDITY

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19
Q

Might not represent what happens in the real world

A

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

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20
Q

increasing the internal validity

A

Randomization

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21
Q

research methods where the researchers do not intentionally change or manipulate the situations, events, or conditions being studied

A

NONEXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

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22
Q

Correlation and Description
Observation
No manipulation
Natural settings

A

NONEXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

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23
Q

degree of _ concerns the assignment of subjects to antecedent conditions created for the experiment

A

degree manipulation of antecedent conditions

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24
Q

How much do researchers intentionally change, alter or modify the things they’re studying
EX. tracking children’s regular diet to placing children on a strict diet

A

Degree of Manipulation of Antecedent Conditions

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25
Q

are usually high in the degree of manipulation

A

Experiments

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26
Q

usually low in the degree of manipulation

A

Nonexperiments

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27
Q

how much you limit a subject’s responses on the DV

A

Degree of imposition of units

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28
Q

How much control do researchers have over the participants or subjects involved (direct, influence, dictate) in the study.
Ex. household income, time spent on social media, number of siblings

A

Degree of imposition of units

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29
Q

Phenomenology
Case Studies
Field Studies
Archival Study
Qualitative Research

A

Nonexperimental Designs

30
Q

involves a subject’s description of personal subjective experience

A

Phenomenology

31
Q

low in manipulating antecedent conditions and low in the imposition of units (low-low)

A

Phenomenology

32
Q

might rely on an experimenter’s private experiences or other experiential data:

A

Empirical phenomenology

33
Q

The researcher’s self-reflection on relevant experiences.
Participants’ oral or written descriptions of their experiences.
Accounts from literature, poetry, visual art, television, theatre, and previous phenomenological (and other) research.

A

experiential data

34
Q

The researcher’s self-reflection on relevant experiences.

A

experiential data

35
Q

Participants’ oral or written descriptions of their experiences.

A

experiential data

36
Q

Accounts from literature, poetry, visual art, television, theatre, and previous phenomenological (and other) research.

A

experiential data

37
Q

a researcher compiles a descriptive study of a subject’s experiences, observable behaviors, and archival records kept by an outside observer

A

Case Studies

38
Q

range from low-low to low-high

A

Case Studies

39
Q

source of inferences, hypotheses, and theories

A

Case studies have several advantages:

40
Q

source of therapy techniques allow study of rare phenomena

A

Case studies have several advantages:

41
Q

provide exceptions to accepted ideas, theories, and practices

A

Case studies have several advantages:

42
Q

persuasive and motivational value (advertising)

A

Case studies have several advantages:

43
Q

Representativeness of sample (can be 1 participant)

A

Case studies have several limitations

44
Q

Completeness of data

A

Case studies have several limitations

45
Q

Reliance on retrospective data”

A

Case studies have several limitations

46
Q

are recollections of past events that are collected in the present
Historical data or archival data, school records etc.

A

Retrospective Data

47
Q

This information may be compromised by faulty memory, current mood, and the retrieval cues that are present when you are asked to recall an event.

A

Risks of using retrospective data

48
Q

examines differences between deviant and normal individuals to identify etiological factors

A

Deviant Case Analysis

49
Q

approach may also be applied to nonclinical issues such as social trends and adult morale

A

Deviant Case Analysis

50
Q

are nonexperimental studies conducted in the field (real- life settings)

A

Field studies

51
Q

range from low-low to low-high

A

Field studies

52
Q

The experimenter does not manipulate antecedent conditions

A

Field studies

53
Q

This method can achieve high levels of external validity because it’s conducted in a natural setting

A

Field studies

54
Q

Naturalistic Observation
Participant-observer study

A

2 Types of Field Study

55
Q

examines subjects’ spontaneous behavior in their actual environments and may obtain more representative behavior than experiments

A

Naturalistic observation

56
Q

subjects alter their behavior when they know they are being observed
ex. PBB Bahay ni Kuya

A

Reactivity

57
Q

way to collect or observe people without necessary observing them directly

A

unobtrusive methods

58
Q

Involves field observation in which the researcher is part of the studied group

A

Participant-observer study

59
Q

This approach contrasts with naturalistic observation, where the researcher does not interact with research subjects to avoid reactivity.

A

Participant-observer study

60
Q

the invasion of privacy
not telling people that you are studying their behavior
pretending to be a group member.

A

Main problems of the Participant-observer study

61
Q

is a serious problem that requires careful planning.

A

Pretending to be a group member

62
Q

conducted in real-life settings; done in laboratory settings

A

Field experiments

63
Q

Conducted in lab or controlled settings

A

Field experiments

64
Q

nonexperimental designs

A

Field Studies

65
Q

Used in real-life settings and include naturalistic observation, unobtrusive measures, participant-observer studies and surveys

A

Field Studies

66
Q

Descriptive method where researchers reexamine data that were collected for other purposes

A

Archival Study

67
Q

Obtains data consisting of words instead of numbers

A

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

68
Q

Information is obtained through self-reports, personal narratives and, expressing ideas, memories, feelings and thoughts

A

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

69
Q

Increased use of qualitative research may represent a paradigm shift

A

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

70
Q

a change in attitudes, values, beliefs, methods, and procedures accepted during a specific period

A

PARADIGM SHIFT

71
Q

is invaluable in studying contextual phenomena and behavior that can only be understood within its context

A

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

EXPESY (3 decks)

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