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EXPESY > EXPEPSY - EXPEPSY lesson 2 > Flashcards

EXPEPSY - EXPEPSY lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is right what is wrong

A

ETHICS

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2
Q

Different standards that a researcher should follow while conducting their research

A

ETHICS

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3
Q

framework of values within which we conduct research

A

RESEARCH ETHICS

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4
Q

help researchers identify actions we consider good and bad

A

ETHICS

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5
Q

explain the principles by which we make responsible decisions in actual situations

A

ETHICS

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6
Q

Guided to come up in ethical decisions

A

ETHICS

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7
Q

Important, ensure fairness, calmness, protection for the participants

A

ETHICS

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8
Q

maintain integrity, resulting in reliable and honest results, builds trust holds researcher accountable

A

ETHICS

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9
Q

IRB

A

INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

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10
Q

Composed of laypeople and researchers, evaluate research proposals to ensure that they follow ethical standards

A

INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

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11
Q
  1. First task is to decide whether a proposed study increases participants risk of injury since psychological research can cause physical and/or psychological discomfort
  2. Accurately estimate the degree of risk in the research. Typically, do this by reading the literature and consulting with colleagues
  3. Help researchers estimate the degree of risk involved in their studies
A

OBJECTIVES OF INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

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12
Q

Protect the safety of research participants

A

OBJECTIVES OF INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

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13
Q

increases the chance of harm compared with not participating in the study

A

At risk

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14
Q

do not increase the likelihood of injury

A

Minimal risk

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15
Q

When a risk/benefit analysis determines that gains in knowledge outweight risks to participants

A

APPROVED AT RISK STUDY by IRB

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16
Q

3 Principles of THE BELMONT REPORT

A

Respect for person
Beneficence
Justice

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17
Q

Individuals have the right of self-determination (basis of informed consent)

A

Respect for persons

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18
Q

Minimize harm and maximize potential benefits (basis of risk/benefit analysis)

A

Beneficence

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19
Q

Fairness in both the burdens and benefits of research

A

Justice

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20
Q

obligation of a physician not to harm the patient

A

NONMALEFICENCE

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21
Q

A subject/guardian agrees in writing to the subject’s participation after explaining relevant details of the experiment

A

INFORMED CONSENT

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22
Q

Description may include risks and benefits but doesn’t extend to deception or the hypothesis

A

INFORMED CONSENT

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23
Q

Most crucial principle built into ethics codes is the right of a participant to refuse to be in the study or discontinue participation

A

INFORMED CONSENT

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24
Q

Ethical researchers, therefore must refrain from coercing participants to agree to be in the study or prevent participants from discontinuing the study

A

INFORMED CONSENT

25
Q

apply to psychologists and students when they assume the role of psychologist during research or practice

A

APA ETHICAL GUIDELINES

26
Q

used when its the best way to obtain information

A

DECEPTION

27
Q

may not be used to minimize the participants’ perception of risk or exaggerate their perception of potential benefits

A

DECEPTION

28
Q

_ must be allowed to withdraw from the experiment at any time and should never face coercion to remain

A

SUBJECTS

29
Q

The experimenter should provide a _ (full disclosure) after either their personal participation or the completion of the entire study

A

DEBRIEFING

30
Q

Involves explaining the true nature and purpose of the experiment

A

DEBRIEFING

31
Q

Essential component of good experimental research

A

DEBRIEFING

32
Q

Must offer our participants a full explanation of our study every time we use deception

A

DEBRIEFING

33
Q

an experimenter’s accomplice

A

CONFEDERATE

34
Q

Helps researcher creates situation necessary for the experiments, that would be hard to achieve if it were only the participants.

A

CONFEDERATE

35
Q

Can influence people’s reactions, decisions and actions allowing researchers to study social influence, obedience and memory

A

CONFEDERATE

36
Q

Useful to stipulate real-life situations

A

CONFEDERATE

37
Q

Using a confederate is deceptive bec subjects are led to believe that the confederate is another subject, experimenter or bystander when they’re actually part of the experimental manipulation

A

CONFEDERATE DECEPTIVE

38
Q

explaining the true nature and purpose of the study to the subject at the end of their participation or the completion of the entire experiment

A

DEBRIEFING/ FULL DISCLOSURE

39
Q

an experimenter discloses the true nature and purpose of the study to the subject and solicits the subject’s questions at the end of the experiment

A

DEBRIEFING

40
Q

subjects are not identified by name

A

ANONIMITY

41
Q

Researchers achieve _ by collecting data without names and assigning code number

A

ANONIMITY

42
Q

data are securely stored and only used for the purpose explained to the subject

A

CONFIDENTIALITY

43
Q

the humane care and treatment of animals

A

Animal Welfare

44
Q

Minimizing pain and distress
Appropriate use of species

A

Animal Welfare

45
Q

IACUC

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

46
Q

Institutions that conduct animal research must establish an _ to evaluate animal research before it’s conducted

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

47
Q

must determine that the researchers have explored all alternatives and have documented that there are no other feasible alternatives.

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

48
Q

are the position that sensate species (those that can feel pain and suffer) have equal value and rights to humans

A

Animal rights

49
Q

falsifying or fabricating data

A

SCIENTIFIC FRAUD

50
Q

A researcher’s graduation, tenure, promotion, funding or reputation may motivate researchers to commit this fraud

A

SCIENTIFIC FRAUD

51
Q

PEER REVIEW
REPLICATION
COMPETITION

A

DEFENSE LINES AGAINST FRAUD

52
Q

process filters submitted manuscripts so that only 15-20% of articles are printed

A

PEER REVIEW

53
Q

where researchers attempt to reproduce the finding of others

A

REPLICATION

54
Q

by colleagues for scarce resources while a cause of fraud

A

COMPETITION

55
Q

misrepresenting someone’s ideas, words or written work as your own

A

PLAGIARISM

56
Q

a form of fraud in which an individual claims false credit for another’s ideas, words, or written work

A

PLAGIARISM

57
Q

_ credit should only be given to those who made a major contribution to the research or writing

A

Authorship credit

58
Q

_ should not take credit for the same research more than once

A

Researchers

59
Q

The ethical solution is to _ original publications when republishing data in a journal article or republishing journal articles in an edited volume

A

cite

EXPESY (3 decks)

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