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Exam Room Manual > Exotic Medicine > Flashcards

Exotic Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Leading Cause of Illness

A

• Improper care is the leading cause of illness in exotic animas
o Environments, diets, substrate caging, lighting, temperatures
o Through history as to how these pets are kept is essential to diagnosing problems

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2
Q

Number of Species of Reptiles and Amphibians

A

6,800 rept and 4500 amph

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3
Q

Snakes have…

A

Snakes have one fully developed and functioning organ (lung, kidney)

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4
Q

Snakes and Lizards have

A

hemi-penes; two branching penises

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5
Q

Insectivores

A

 Crickets, waxworms, mealworms, superworms, giant meal worms, silk worms, cockroaches, earthworms, ect.
 Recommend that they be gutloaded, or fed nutrious food that is then passed to your pet, these products are commercially available or can be homemade
• Important nutrients to grow properly and sustain life

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6
Q

Herbivores

A

 Green leaf, red leaf, spinach, dandelions, collard, kale, carrot tops, squash, carrots, peppers, ect.
 Small percentage of fruit- peaches, pears, apples, grapes ect.
 Hay (timothy orchard grass, Bermuda grass, alfalfa)
 Flowers
 Seeds (ie. Uromastyx

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7
Q

Carnivores

A

 Mice, rats, rabbits, chicks, chickens ect.
• May be live, or frozen thawed
o Frozen and thawed is best because reduces risk of injury to pet, parasitic (bacterial or viral) infections, lower cost (multipacks)
• Some animals need to be trained to accept these food items
• Chicken and Beef may be given in small quantities
• NO dog or cat food

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8
Q

Commercially prepared diets

A

 Pellets, gelatinous, freeze dried (fruits, veggies, insects)
 Some are designed to be to sole source of food
 Others should be mixed with the above options

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9
Q

 Calcium supplementation

A

• In young and growing animals, or gravid (pregnant)
• Some species have higher requirements
o Leopard geckos should always have free choice calcium, especially babies

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10
Q

 Preferred optimum temperature zone –

A

 Preferred optimum temperature zone – required temperature to live, produce and use bodily functions, enzymes, digest, ect.

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11
Q

scientific name for ferrets

A

mustela putorius furo

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12
Q

ferrets were used for

A

hunting 2000 years ago, brought to US 300 years ago

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13
Q

Ferrets have a unique organ called the

A

j shaped Os penis

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14
Q

Ferrets need supervision when out of cage because

A

they can get into small places and consume foreign bodies

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15
Q

the best bedding for ferrets is

A

recycled paper

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16
Q

ferrets eat

A

commercially available diets, kitten food; strict carnivores

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17
Q

ferrets need the following at yearly examinations

A

heartworm prevention, distemper vacc, rabies vacc (imarab three is given every year)

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18
Q

Rabbits are also called

A

lagomorphs

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19
Q

Some types of rabbits include

A

mini lop-eared, netherlands dwarf, angora, lop eared, new zealand white

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20
Q

Outdoor rabbits should have

A

a proper enclosure to keep them out of the cold

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21
Q

What kind of pellets are good for rabbits/guinea pigs

A

alfalfa= bad, high in Ca and protein good for growing rabbits but not adults, obesity and urinary disease
timothy hay based are good
oxbow hay is a good brand

22
Q

Papaya tablets

A

given as a hairball preventative to rabbits, contains papain, an enzyme that digests hair, should be given daily as a preventative

23
Q

A hairball is also called

A

trichobezoar

24
Q

Guinea Pig scientific name

A

cavia porcellus

25
Q

three breeds of guinea pig

A

english/common: short straight, fine hair

abyssinian: rough and wiry hair in rosettes
peruvian: long straight, silky hair

26
Q

Guinea pigs need this nutrient

A

Vitamin C - cannot synthrsize their own, needed for the proper development of many body tissues, deficiency can lead to illness, 6 mo shelf life, food should be supplemented daily

27
Q

Hamster types

A 
Golden or Syrian Hamster (3-4 years)
teddy bear
chinese dwarf (1-2 years)
european dwarf
 hungarian dwarf
28
Q

Gerbils

A

mongolian gerbil, native to dry environment, so drink very little and have little waste

29
Q

Rats

A

white rat/hooded rat

30
Q

General care of Rodents

A

Provide a wood chew and a hiding box
pelleted diets help to wear down overgrown teeth
exams should include a thorough oral exam to ensure that teeth aren’t overgrown

31
Q

Two types of Hedgehog

A

african pygmy hedgehog and white bellied four toed african hedgehog

32
Q

Hedgehogs should be kept in

A

aquariums

33
Q

hedgehogs eat

A

a mix of cat/kitten food, fruit/veggie mix, mealworms/crickets, commercial diets are also available, which can be fed as a sole diet or in combination with above

34
Q

Sugar gliders are from

A

new guinea/austrailia

35
Q

Sugar glider toes

A

second and third digits are partially fused on the hind foot forming a hair comb for grooming

36
Q

Male sugar gliders have

A

a bifuricated penis and three scent glands (one by top of head, one on ventral abdomen and one by genitals)

37
Q

Female sugar gliders have

A

pouch

38
Q

What sounds do sugar gliders make

A

barking or screeching

39
Q

What should be in a sugar gliders cage

A

a hide box, and branches to climb on

40
Q

a Sugar gliders diet should be

A

75% fruits and veggies and 25% protein
sunflower seeds, corn, cat food (dry/low fat), dog buscuits, baby food, cooked pasta, mealworms, crickets, waxworms
vitamin and mineral supplements

41
Q

Two types of Chinchillas

A 
Chinchilla lanigera (longer tail, most common) 
Chinchilla brevicaudata (shorter tail)
42
Q

Where are chinchillas from

A

the semi-arid slopes of the andes mountains

43
Q

what types of chinchillas can be housed together

A

one male with multiple females

44
Q

chinchillas should eat

A

small amounts of pellets, a lot of hay (timothy, alfalfa, oat) and sugary treats should be avoided

45
Q

snakes have this type of vision

A

blurry- they cannot see long distances

46
Q

calcium deficiency in lizards may lead to

A

metabolic bone disease

47
Q

types of reptiles that do not require uvb

A

snakes- noctural reptiles and amphibians

48
Q

why no teflon?

A

gives off toxic gas when heated

49
Q

a type of bird foot issue is

A

bumblefoot

50
Q

gram stain

A

in adult sample there should be 90% gram positive bacteria

51
Q

hamsters should be housed

A

separately

Exam Room Manual (8 decks)

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