Detailed Client Education

Question 1

What can a U/A detect?

Answer 1

UTI
Diabetes
dehydration 
kidney problems
other conditions

Question 2

What does a U/A look at?

Answer 2

1) description of color/appearance
2) specific gravity (1.01-1.03) - ion concentration, protein or ketoacidosis tend to elevate results
3) pH 4.8 - 7.5
4) ketone bodies should be absent
5) protein- should be absent
6) urobilinogen -formed by bacteria in intestines, some is reabsorbed, taken into circulation and excreted by the kidney
7) bilirubin - yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism (RBCs)
8) glucose shoudl be absent
9) RBC #
10) WBC#
11) Polyuria

Question 3

What are the two most common fecal exams

Answer 3

ova and parasite flotation and o&p plus giardia elisa

Question 4

What does an O & P do?

Answer 4

tests for internal parasites (roundworms, hookworms, giardia, tapeworms, ect)

Question 5

What does a Giardia ELISA do

Answer 5

biochemical technique to detect presence of an antibody or antigen in a sample

Question 6

What is a skin scraping

Answer 6

scrape skin with scalpel to yield skin, hair, dander and mites
analyzed for mites, mite eggs or evidence of a fungal infection

Question 7

What is DTM used for and what does it stand for

Answer 7

Dermatophyte test medium is used for fungal cultures

Question 8

How does DTM test for fungus?

Answer 8

stick hair sample in agar, which is slanted to inhibit growth, if the hair contains fungus the medium will change color within 1 to 2 weeks

Question 9

Flea eggs

Answer 9

50% - laid in batches of 20 on host, roll onto ground, place where host sleeps becomes primary habitat, hatch between 2 days and 2 weeks

Question 10

Flea Larva

Answer 10

35% - feed on organic material, blind, stay in cracks/crevices, pupate in 1 - 2 weeks

Question 11

flea pupa

Answer 11

10%- within silken cocoon for 1-2 weeks before emerging, may wait for signal that host is near like CO2, heat, vibrations, may overwinter in this stage

Question 12

Flea imago

Answer 12

5% - flea adult, primary goal is to find blood, adults need it to reproduce, have only one week to find it once they emerge but can go between 2 months and one year between meals

Question 13

fleas are likely to live in

Answer 13

cool shady places

Question 14

frontline plus kills fleas in

Answer 14

18 hours

Question 15

frontline plus kills ticks in

Answer 15

48 hours

Question 16

Ticks are

Answer 16

blood feeding parasites

Question 17

ticks drop off when

Answer 17

full, but may remain for sometime living off blood of animal

Question 18

What is a hypostome

Answer 18

harpoon like structure in the mouth area of ticks what is barbed backwards to help them stay attached

Question 19

Name some tick born diseases

Answer 19

Lyme
Erlichia
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Tularemia

Question 20

What are heartworms

Answer 20

parasitic roundworms spread through mosquitoes

Question 21

what is a filaria

Answer 21

a small threadlike worm

Question 22

what is the best defense against heartworms

Answer 22

a monthly prophylactic

Question 23

How to the worms get into the mosquito?

Answer 23

Young microfilarie circulate in bloodstream of animal up to 2 years
they are ingested by the mosquito

Question 24

What do the worms do in the mosquito?

Answer 24

they undergo a series of molts to the infective or third larval stage, then they migrate to the salivary glads of the mosquito, who deposits the worms into another host

Question 25

What to the worms do once inside another host?

Answer 25

they molt again at the site of entry
migrate to the muscles of the chest and abdomen
45-60 days after infection they molt to L5
75-120 days after they enter bloodstream and are carried to the pulmonary artery

Question 26

What do the worms do once in the pulmonary artery?

Answer 26

they love and grow for 3-4 months, females to 30 cm and males to 23, 6-7 months after infection the mature adults again begin to reproduce

Question 27

what is the prepatent period

Answer 27

the time before they begin producing microfliariae

Question 28

What are 7 reasons for spaying your dog?

Answer 28

1) eliminate ovarian/uterine cancer
2) prevent heat/estrus
3) eliminates possibility of false pregnancy
4) pyometra (uterine infection)
5) breast cancer is the number one cancer of unspayed females (before heat less than one percent chance, after first 7% chance, after second a 25% chance, after 2.5 years, a spay yields no protection)
6) prevent hormone interaction with medications (diabetes/epilepsy)
7) prevent unwanted pregnancies

Question 29

What do cats do when in heat?

Answer 29

after 7 mo old cats will go into heat every 2-3 weeks for most of the year, they are receptive to mating for one week each cycle
they cry loudly, rub and roll on floor
male cats will be attracted for miles around

Question 30

What do dogs do when in heat?

Answer 30

go into heat every 8 months, bloody vaginal discharge with offensive odor, local dogs would be attracted

Question 31

Spaying does not cause

Answer 31

obesity, laziness, lose guarding instinct, lose playfulness or affection

Question 32

What are reasons to neuter your dog?

Answer 32

to avoid unwanted/uncontrolled reproduction
reduce or prevent sexual behavior (territorial, aggression, destruction of enclosure trying to get to females
reduce prostate cancer and eliminate testicular cancer

Question 33

What is the techincal name for a neuter

Answer 33

orchidectomy