Detailed Client Education Flashcards
What can a U/A detect?
UTI Diabetes dehydration kidney problems other conditions
What does a U/A look at?
1) description of color/appearance
2) specific gravity (1.01-1.03) - ion concentration, protein or ketoacidosis tend to elevate results
3) pH 4.8 - 7.5
4) ketone bodies should be absent
5) protein- should be absent
6) urobilinogen -formed by bacteria in intestines, some is reabsorbed, taken into circulation and excreted by the kidney
7) bilirubin - yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism (RBCs)
8) glucose shoudl be absent
9) RBC #
10) WBC#
11) Polyuria
What are the two most common fecal exams
ova and parasite flotation and o&p plus giardia elisa
What does an O & P do?
tests for internal parasites (roundworms, hookworms, giardia, tapeworms, ect)
What does a Giardia ELISA do
biochemical technique to detect presence of an antibody or antigen in a sample
What is a skin scraping
scrape skin with scalpel to yield skin, hair, dander and mites
analyzed for mites, mite eggs or evidence of a fungal infection
What is DTM used for and what does it stand for
Dermatophyte test medium is used for fungal cultures
How does DTM test for fungus?
stick hair sample in agar, which is slanted to inhibit growth, if the hair contains fungus the medium will change color within 1 to 2 weeks
Flea eggs
50% - laid in batches of 20 on host, roll onto ground, place where host sleeps becomes primary habitat, hatch between 2 days and 2 weeks
Flea Larva
35% - feed on organic material, blind, stay in cracks/crevices, pupate in 1 - 2 weeks
flea pupa
10%- within silken cocoon for 1-2 weeks before emerging, may wait for signal that host is near like CO2, heat, vibrations, may overwinter in this stage
Flea imago
5% - flea adult, primary goal is to find blood, adults need it to reproduce, have only one week to find it once they emerge but can go between 2 months and one year between meals
fleas are likely to live in
cool shady places
frontline plus kills fleas in
18 hours
frontline plus kills ticks in
48 hours
Ticks are
blood feeding parasites
ticks drop off when
full, but may remain for sometime living off blood of animal
What is a hypostome
harpoon like structure in the mouth area of ticks what is barbed backwards to help them stay attached
Name some tick born diseases
Lyme
Erlichia
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Tularemia
What are heartworms
parasitic roundworms spread through mosquitoes
what is a filaria
a small threadlike worm
what is the best defense against heartworms
a monthly prophylactic
How to the worms get into the mosquito?
Young microfilarie circulate in bloodstream of animal up to 2 years
they are ingested by the mosquito
What do the worms do in the mosquito?
they undergo a series of molts to the infective or third larval stage, then they migrate to the salivary glads of the mosquito, who deposits the worms into another host
What to the worms do once inside another host?
they molt again at the site of entry
migrate to the muscles of the chest and abdomen
45-60 days after infection they molt to L5
75-120 days after they enter bloodstream and are carried to the pulmonary artery
What do the worms do once in the pulmonary artery?
they love and grow for 3-4 months, females to 30 cm and males to 23, 6-7 months after infection the mature adults again begin to reproduce
what is the prepatent period
the time before they begin producing microfliariae
What are 7 reasons for spaying your dog?
1) eliminate ovarian/uterine cancer
2) prevent heat/estrus
3) eliminates possibility of false pregnancy
4) pyometra (uterine infection)
5) breast cancer is the number one cancer of unspayed females (before heat less than one percent chance, after first 7% chance, after second a 25% chance, after 2.5 years, a spay yields no protection)
6) prevent hormone interaction with medications (diabetes/epilepsy)
7) prevent unwanted pregnancies
What do cats do when in heat?
after 7 mo old cats will go into heat every 2-3 weeks for most of the year, they are receptive to mating for one week each cycle
they cry loudly, rub and roll on floor
male cats will be attracted for miles around
What do dogs do when in heat?
go into heat every 8 months, bloody vaginal discharge with offensive odor, local dogs would be attracted
Spaying does not cause
obesity, laziness, lose guarding instinct, lose playfulness or affection
What are reasons to neuter your dog?
to avoid unwanted/uncontrolled reproduction
reduce or prevent sexual behavior (territorial, aggression, destruction of enclosure trying to get to females
reduce prostate cancer and eliminate testicular cancer
What is the techincal name for a neuter
orchidectomy
