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LCB2 > Exotic 2 > Flashcards

Exotic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What may cause elevations of eosinophils in birds?

A

Tissue damage, parasitic disease, possibly some viral infections

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2
Q

Describe the basophils of birds

A
  • Slightly smaller than heterophils
  • Clear cytoplasm
  • Intensely basophilic granules
  • Nucleus non-lobed round to oval, often obscured by cytoplasmic granules
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3
Q

Outline the function of basophils in birds

A

Function unknown, possibly involved in acute inflammation and hypersensitivity reactions

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4
Q

Describe the lymphocytes of birds

A
  • Similar morphology to mammals
  • Basophilic cytoplasm
  • Can be confused with thrombocytes
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5
Q

Which species of bird are lymphocytic?

A

Amazon parrots and canaries (up to 70% lymphocytes)

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6
Q

What do the following indicate in birds?

a: lymphocytosis
b: lymphopaenia

A

a: lymphocytosis: excitement, leukaemia
b: lymphopaenia: chronic stress

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7
Q

Describe the monocytes of birds

A
  • Rare in healthy birds
  • Similar morphology to mammals
  • Largest leukocyte in a normal blood smear
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8
Q

What does monocytosis indicate in birds?

A
  • Chronic inflammatory/infectious conditions e.g. Psittacosis, tuberculosis, aspergillosis, egg coelomitis
  • Presence raises suspicion and further tests required
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9
Q

Discuss the finding of parasites on avian haematology

A
  • Relatively frequent finding esp. in wild and some captive raptors
  • Most common in juveniles
  • Significance varies from incidental finding to life-threatening
  • Often seem inconsequential
  • Wrong parasite in wrong bird e.g. parrot with Uk parasite can cause significant problem
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10
Q

Name common blood parasite birds and birds that are over represented in blood parasites that cause problems

A
  • Parasites: Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leukocytozoon

- Species: snowy owls, Harris hawks, penguins

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11
Q

Describe the haematology of camelids

A
  • RBCs small and thin, elliptical, increased relative surface area
  • HIgh RBC with relative low PCV
  • Neutrophils much larger than RBCs
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12
Q

Which sites can be used for blood sampling in camelids?

A
  • Jugular
  • Saphenous
  • Coccygeal
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13
Q

List the important differentials for anaemia in camelids

A
  • GI parasites
  • M haemolamae
  • Blood loss
  • Chronic disease e.g TB
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14
Q

Describe the method for blood sampling from a fish

A
  • General anaesthesia required, mS-222

- Tail vein most useful, use lateral (landmark is lateral line) or ventral approach similar to lizards

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15
Q

Which blood tubes are generally used for fish?

A

EDTA or heparin

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16
Q

Describe the appearance of blood samples in invertebrates

A

Haemolymph clear/blue

17
Q

Describe blood sampling from tarantulas

A
  • Max sample size 0.7% bodyweight
  • GA required
  • Small samples = ventral joint of limb
  • Large samples = dorsal opisthosoma
  • Apply tissue glue if leakage
18
Q

List your differentials for a female ferret presented with tachycardia, lethargy, anorexia, tarry black perianal faecal staining, depressed, pale mucous membranes and a prominent vulva

A

Differentials for anaemia in ferret:

  • Aplastic oestrus induced anaemia
  • Gastric ulcers
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Neoplasia incl. GI and lymphoma
  • Adrenocortical neoplasia may lead to oestrogen anaemia
  • Insulinoma
19
Q

Explain how aplastic oestrus induced anaemia develops

A
  • Oestrogen suppresses bone marrow leading to pancytopaenia
  • Haemosiderosis of spleen and lymph nodes leads to haemoglobin
  • Reduced/absent medullar haematopoiesis in the spleen
  • Oestrogen high due to being in oestrus, will stay like this until mating
20
Q

Ouline the prognosis for a case of aplastic oestrus induced anaemia in a ferret

A
  • Short term guarded (depending on PCV at presentation)

- Long term fairly good, once anaemia is over come

21
Q

Describe the reatment for aplastic oestrus induced anaemia in a ferret

A
  • RBCs too low for surgery
  • Hospitalisation
  • Proligestone injection to bring out of oestrus
  • Blood transfusions
  • Once recovered, either need to spay or inject every year
22
Q

What are the main risks regarding spaying a ferret as an immediate treatment for asplastic oestrus induced anaemia?

A
  • Need to resolve anaemia first
  • If have bone marrow suppression may haemorrhage after (no platelets)
  • If in oestrus then blood supply to ovaries is increased
23
Q

Discuss the options for the prevention of oestrus induced aplastic anaemia in ferres

A
  • Vasectomised hob: may be difficult to integrate into group if not already present, 50% of females will get the condition anyway
  • Spay: one time fee, less traumatic than regular injections, life long protection, need to ensure all of ovary is removed
  • Injection: only advantages is potential to breed from jill in he future, proligestone/delvosterone can be used

LCB2 (14 decks)

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